Introduction Orgovyx is the brand name of relugolix, an oral hormonal anticancer drug used in adult patients with advanced prostate cancer. Pharmacologically, Orgovyx is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist, also called a GnRH receptor antagonist or LHRH receptor antagonist. Prostate cancer growth is commonly driven by androgen signaling, especially testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone is mainly … Read more
Introduction Fingolimod is an oral disease-modifying drug used in relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. It was originally marketed under the brand name Gilenya. Pharmacologically, fingolimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, commonly called an S1P receptor modulator. Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. In MS, autoreactive lymphocytes cross the … Read more
Introduction Vyvgart is the brand name of efgartigimod alfa-fcab, an immunomodulatory biologic drug used for generalized myasthenia gravis, commonly abbreviated as gMG. Pharmacologically, Vyvgart is a neonatal Fc receptor blocker, also called an FcRn blocker. A related subcutaneous product, Vyvgart Hytrulo, contains efgartigimod alfa with hyaluronidase-qvfc and is used in adults with generalized myasthenia gravis … Read more
Introduction Enbrel is the brand name of etanercept, a biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug used in several chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Pharmacologically, etanercept is a tumor necrosis factor blocker, commonly called a TNF inhibitor or anti-TNF drug. Tumor necrosis factor, especially TNF-alpha, is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune activation, leukocyte migration, synovial inflammation, cartilage … Read more
Introduction Amivantamab is a targeted anticancer monoclonal antibody used in selected patients with non-small cell lung cancer, commonly abbreviated as NSCLC. It is marketed under the brand name Rybrevant as intravenous amivantamab-vmjw. A subcutaneous formulation, Rybrevant Faspro, contains amivantamab with hyaluronidase-lpuj, but the key anticancer antibody component is amivantamab. Pharmacologically, amivantamab is a bispecific antibody … Read more
Introduction Secukinumab is a biologic immunomodulator marketed under the brand name Cosentyx. Pharmacologically, it is a human interleukin-17A antagonist and a recombinant human IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody. Interleukin-17A, commonly called IL-17A, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune defense and chronic inflammatory disease. It is produced mainly by Th17 cells, but other immune cells such … Read more
Introduction Orilissa is the brand name of elagolix, an oral nonpeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist used for the management of moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis. Endometriosis is a chronic estrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder in which endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic peritoneum, uterosacral ligaments, bowel, or bladder. … Read more
Introduction Trametinib is an oral targeted anticancer drug marketed under the brand name Mekinist. Pharmacologically, trametinib belongs to the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor class, commonly called MEK inhibitors. MEK1 and MEK2 are important kinases in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. This pathway regulates cell growth, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and migration. In several cancers, mutations in … Read more
Introduction Guselkumab is a biologic immunomodulator used in inflammatory immune-mediated diseases. It is marketed under the brand name Tremfya. Pharmacologically, guselkumab is an interleukin-23 antagonist and a human IgG1 lambda monoclonal antibody. Interleukin-23, commonly called IL-23, is an important cytokine involved in chronic inflammation. It plays a major role in the activation and maintenance of … Read more
Introduction Riociguat is an oral pulmonary vasodilator used in selected forms of pulmonary hypertension. It is marketed under the brand name Adempas. Pharmacologically, riociguat belongs to the soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator class, commonly abbreviated as sGC stimulators. Pulmonary hypertension is a condition in which pressure within the pulmonary arterial circulation becomes abnormally high. This increases … Read more
