Introduction Orgovyx is the brand name of relugolix, an oral hormonal anticancer drug used in adult patients with advanced prostate cancer. Pharmacologically, Orgovyx is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist, also called a GnRH receptor antagonist or LHRH receptor antagonist. Prostate cancer growth is commonly driven by androgen signaling, especially testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone is mainly … Read more
Introduction Fingolimod is an oral disease-modifying drug used in relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. It was originally marketed under the brand name Gilenya. Pharmacologically, fingolimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, commonly called an S1P receptor modulator. Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. In MS, autoreactive lymphocytes cross the … Read more
Introduction Vyvgart is the brand name of efgartigimod alfa-fcab, an immunomodulatory biologic drug used for generalized myasthenia gravis, commonly abbreviated as gMG. Pharmacologically, Vyvgart is a neonatal Fc receptor blocker, also called an FcRn blocker. A related subcutaneous product, Vyvgart Hytrulo, contains efgartigimod alfa with hyaluronidase-qvfc and is used in adults with generalized myasthenia gravis … Read more
Introduction Enbrel is the brand name of etanercept, a biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug used in several chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Pharmacologically, etanercept is a tumor necrosis factor blocker, commonly called a TNF inhibitor or anti-TNF drug. Tumor necrosis factor, especially TNF-alpha, is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune activation, leukocyte migration, synovial inflammation, cartilage … Read more
Introduction Amivantamab is a targeted anticancer monoclonal antibody used in selected patients with non-small cell lung cancer, commonly abbreviated as NSCLC. It is marketed under the brand name Rybrevant as intravenous amivantamab-vmjw. A subcutaneous formulation, Rybrevant Faspro, contains amivantamab with hyaluronidase-lpuj, but the key anticancer antibody component is amivantamab. Pharmacologically, amivantamab is a bispecific antibody … Read more
Introduction Secukinumab is a biologic immunomodulator marketed under the brand name Cosentyx. Pharmacologically, it is a human interleukin-17A antagonist and a recombinant human IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody. Interleukin-17A, commonly called IL-17A, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune defense and chronic inflammatory disease. It is produced mainly by Th17 cells, but other immune cells such … Read more
Introduction Trametinib is an oral targeted anticancer drug marketed under the brand name Mekinist. Pharmacologically, trametinib belongs to the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor class, commonly called MEK inhibitors. MEK1 and MEK2 are important kinases in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. This pathway regulates cell growth, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and migration. In several cancers, mutations in … Read more
Introduction Guselkumab is a biologic immunomodulator used in inflammatory immune-mediated diseases. It is marketed under the brand name Tremfya. Pharmacologically, guselkumab is an interleukin-23 antagonist and a human IgG1 lambda monoclonal antibody. Interleukin-23, commonly called IL-23, is an important cytokine involved in chronic inflammation. It plays a major role in the activation and maintenance of … Read more
Introduction Verzenio is the brand name of abemaciclib, an oral targeted anticancer drug used in selected patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer. Pharmacologically, Verzenio belongs to the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor class, commonly called CDK4/6 inhibitors. CDK4 and CDK6 are key enzymes that regulate progression of cells … Read more
Introduction Kesimpta is the brand name of ofatumumab, a subcutaneous monoclonal antibody used for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Pharmacologically, Kesimpta is a CD20-directed cytolytic antibody. It is used in adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, including clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated … Read more
