Introduction Cladribine is a purine nucleoside analogue used as an immunosuppressive and antineoplastic drug. It is available under important brand names such as Mavenclad for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and Leustatin for hairy cell leukemia. Pharmacologically, cladribine is an adenosine analogue that is resistant to degradation by adenosine deaminase, allowing it to persist inside … Read more
Introduction Zeposia is the brand name of ozanimod, an oral immunomodulatory drug used mainly in relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. It belongs to the class of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, commonly called S1P receptor modulators. Zeposia is important in pharmacology because it does not act like a conventional anti-inflammatory … Read more
Introduction Natalizumab is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting the α4 integrin subunit. It’s approved for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and moderate to severe Crohn’s disease. By blocking leukocyte adhesion, it prevents immune cell migration into the brain and gut. Step-by-Step Mechanism of Action Pharmacokinetic Parameters Parameter Value Route Intravenous infusion Half-life ~11 days Distribution … Read more
