Introduction Cimzia is the brand name of certolizumab pegol, a biologic anti-inflammatory drug used in several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Pharmacologically, Cimzia is a tumor necrosis factor blocker, commonly called a TNF inhibitor or anti-TNF drug. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or TNF-alpha, is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune-cell activation, cytokine release, leukocyte migration, endothelial activation, … Read more
Mechanism of Action of Taltz Introduction Taltz is the brand name of ixekizumab, a biologic immunomodulator used in selected chronic inflammatory diseases. Pharmacologically, ixekizumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody that acts as an interleukin-17A antagonist. Interleukin-17A, commonly called IL-17A, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in normal immune defense and abnormal immune-mediated inflammation. It … Read more
Introduction Enbrel is the brand name of etanercept, a biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug used in several chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Pharmacologically, etanercept is a tumor necrosis factor blocker, commonly called a TNF inhibitor or anti-TNF drug. Tumor necrosis factor, especially TNF-alpha, is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune activation, leukocyte migration, synovial inflammation, cartilage … Read more
Introduction Secukinumab is a biologic immunomodulator marketed under the brand name Cosentyx. Pharmacologically, it is a human interleukin-17A antagonist and a recombinant human IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody. Interleukin-17A, commonly called IL-17A, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune defense and chronic inflammatory disease. It is produced mainly by Th17 cells, but other immune cells such … Read more
Introduction Cosentyx is the brand name of secukinumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody used in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. It belongs to the class of interleukin-17A inhibitors, also called IL-17A antagonists. Cosentyx is important in pharmacology because it targets a specific inflammatory cytokine rather than producing broad immunosuppression like corticosteroids. It is used in conditions where … Read more
Introduction Adalimumab is a fully human monoclonal IgG1 antibody that specifically targets tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α). By neutralizing TNF‑α, it reduces inflammation across a variety of autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and plaque psoriasis. Step-by-Step Mechanism of Action Pharmacokinetic Parameters Parameter Value Route Subcutaneous … Read more
Introduction Etanercept is a biologic fusion protein that functions as a soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor. By binding TNF-α and TNF-β in circulation, it blocks their interaction with cell surface receptors, reducing systemic inflammation. It is approved for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and plaque psoriasis. … Read more
