Introduction Ultomiris is the brand name of ravulizumab-cwvz, a long-acting complement inhibitor. Pharmacologically, ravulizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds complement protein C5 and prevents terminal complement activation. The complement system is part of innate immunity. It helps destroy pathogens and damaged cells through inflammatory mediators and formation of the membrane attack complex, also … Read more
Introduction Cimzia is the brand name of certolizumab pegol, a biologic anti-inflammatory drug used in several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Pharmacologically, Cimzia is a tumor necrosis factor blocker, commonly called a TNF inhibitor or anti-TNF drug. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or TNF-alpha, is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune-cell activation, cytokine release, leukocyte migration, endothelial activation, … Read more
Mechanism of Action of Taltz Introduction Taltz is the brand name of ixekizumab, a biologic immunomodulator used in selected chronic inflammatory diseases. Pharmacologically, ixekizumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody that acts as an interleukin-17A antagonist. Interleukin-17A, commonly called IL-17A, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in normal immune defense and abnormal immune-mediated inflammation. It … Read more
Introduction Enbrel is the brand name of etanercept, a biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug used in several chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Pharmacologically, etanercept is a tumor necrosis factor blocker, commonly called a TNF inhibitor or anti-TNF drug. Tumor necrosis factor, especially TNF-alpha, is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune activation, leukocyte migration, synovial inflammation, cartilage … Read more
Introduction Secukinumab is a biologic immunomodulator marketed under the brand name Cosentyx. Pharmacologically, it is a human interleukin-17A antagonist and a recombinant human IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody. Interleukin-17A, commonly called IL-17A, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune defense and chronic inflammatory disease. It is produced mainly by Th17 cells, but other immune cells such … Read more
Introduction Guselkumab is a biologic immunomodulator used in inflammatory immune-mediated diseases. It is marketed under the brand name Tremfya. Pharmacologically, guselkumab is an interleukin-23 antagonist and a human IgG1 lambda monoclonal antibody. Interleukin-23, commonly called IL-23, is an important cytokine involved in chronic inflammation. It plays a major role in the activation and maintenance of … Read more
Introduction Canakinumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody used as a targeted anti-inflammatory biologic. It is marketed under the brand name Ilaris and belongs to the class of interleukin-1 beta inhibitors. Canakinumab specifically blocks interleukin-1 beta, also written as IL-1β, a powerful pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in fever, neutrophil recruitment, acute-phase response, joint inflammation, systemic inflammation, … Read more
Introduction Belimumab is a human IgG1λ monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of autoimmune lupus disorders. It is marketed under the brand name Benlysta and is classified as a B-lymphocyte stimulator-specific inhibitor, also called a BLyS inhibitor or BAFF inhibitor. Belimumab is used in patients 5 years of age and older with active systemic lupus … Read more
