Harsh Singh Rajput 
Introduction Dimethyl fumarate is an oral disease-modifying therapy used for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. It is marketed under the brand name Tecfidera and is available in delayed-release capsules. Multiple sclerosis, commonly abbreviated as MS, is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. In MS, inflammatory immune activity damages myelin, oligodendrocytes, and eventually … Read more
Introduction Humira is the brand name of adalimumab, a biologic immunomodulatory medicine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor blocker class. More specifically, adalimumab is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor-alpha, commonly abbreviated as TNF-α. TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with an important role in normal immune defense. When produced … Read more
Introduction Sandostatin is the brand name of octreotide, a synthetic somatostatin analogue. It is a cyclic octapeptide designed to reproduce many of the inhibitory actions of the natural hormone somatostatin while having a much longer duration of action. Somatostatin is an endogenous peptide hormone that suppresses the secretion of several hormones and gastrointestinal mediators. Octreotide … Read more
Introduction Crizotinib is an oral targeted anticancer drug marketed under the brand name Xalkori. It belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) class. Its major molecular targets are ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase), ROS1, and MET (c-Met/HGFR). The current Xalkori prescribing information also identifies RON (Recepteur d’Origine Nantais) among the receptor tyrosine kinases inhibited by … Read more
Introduction Defibrotide is an intravenous drug marketed under the brand name Defitelio. Pharmacologically, defibrotide sodium is an oligonucleotide mixture with profibrinolytic, endothelial-protective, and antithrombotic-regulating properties. Defitelio is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with hepatic veno-occlusive disease, also called VOD or sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, with renal or pulmonary dysfunction after hematopoietic stem-cell … Read more
Introduction Vyndamax is the brand name of tafamidis, an oral drug used in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, commonly called ATTR-CM. Pharmacologically, tafamidis is a selective stabilizer of transthyretin, or TTR. ATTR-CM occurs when transthyretin protein becomes unstable, dissociates from its normal tetrameric structure into monomers, misfolds, and forms amyloid fibrils. These amyloid deposits can accumulate in … Read more
Introduction Nivolumab is an anticancer immunotherapy marketed under the brand name Opdivo. Pharmacologically, nivolumab is a programmed death receptor-1 blocking antibody, commonly called a PD-1 inhibitor or immune checkpoint inhibitor. Cancer cells can escape immune destruction by activating inhibitory pathways that suppress T-cell function. One of the most important immune escape pathways is the PD-1/PD-L1 … Read more
Introduction Kcentra is a human plasma-derived blood coagulation factor replacement product. Pharmacologically, Kcentra is a four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate, commonly abbreviated as 4F-PCC. Kcentra contains vitamin K-dependent coagulation Factors II, VII, IX, and X, together known as the prothrombin complex. It also contains the natural antithrombotic proteins Protein C and Protein S. The product is … Read more
Introduction Sarilumab is a biologic immunomodulatory drug marketed under the brand name Kevzara. Pharmacologically, sarilumab is an interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, commonly called an IL-6 receptor blocker. Interleukin-6, or IL-6, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune-cell activation, acute-phase inflammation, antibody production, hepatic acute-phase protein synthesis, hematopoiesis, fever, systemic inflammation, and synovial inflammation. Excessive IL-6 signaling … Read more
Introduction Bendamustine is an anticancer drug used mainly in certain hematologic malignancies. Pharmacologically, bendamustine is an alkylating agent and a bifunctional mechlorethamine derivative. Bendamustine hydrochloride is given by intravenous infusion. It is used in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, commonly called CLL, and indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, commonly called NHL, that has progressed during or within six … Read more
