Introduction Gemtesa is the brand name of vibegron, an oral drug used for overactive bladder. Pharmacologically, vibegron is a selective beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist. Overactive bladder, commonly abbreviated as OAB, is a urinary bladder disorder characterized by urgency, frequency, nocturia, and sometimes urge urinary incontinence. Urgency means a sudden strong desire to pass urine. Urge … Read more
Introduction Cariprazine is an oral atypical antipsychotic marketed under the brand name Vraylar. Pharmacologically, cariprazine is a dopamine-serotonin receptor modulator with partial agonist activity at dopamine D3 and D2 receptors and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, plus antagonist activity at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, and major depressive disorder involve complex … Read more
Introduction Teclistamab is an anticancer immunotherapy marketed under the brand name Tecvayli. Pharmacologically, teclistamab-cqyv is a bispecific B-cell maturation antigen-directed CD3 T-cell engager used in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma-cell disorder. In this disease, abnormal plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and produce monoclonal immunoglobulin or light chains. … Read more
Introduction Xcopri is the brand name of cenobamate, an oral antiseizure medication used for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in adults. Pharmacologically, cenobamate is an antiseizure drug with dual actions on neuronal excitability: inhibition of voltage-gated sodium currents and positive allosteric modulation of GABA-A ion channels. Partial-onset seizures, also called focal seizures, begin in one … Read more
Introduction Tenapanor is an oral, locally acting gastrointestinal drug marketed under two important brand names: Ibsrela and Xphozah. Pharmacologically, tenapanor is a sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 inhibitor, commonly written as an NHE3 inhibitor. NHE3 is an antiporter located on the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells in the small intestine and colon. It plays an important … Read more
Introduction Patiromer is an oral potassium-binding drug marketed under the brand name Veltassa. Pharmacologically, patiromer is a non-absorbed cation exchange polymer used for the treatment of hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia means increased serum potassium concentration. Potassium is essential for normal nerve conduction, skeletal muscle contraction, and cardiac electrical activity. However, excessive potassium can disturb cardiac conduction and … Read more
Introduction Rybrevant is the brand name of amivantamab-vmjw, an anticancer biologic used in selected patients with non-small cell lung cancer, commonly abbreviated as NSCLC. Pharmacologically, Rybrevant is a bispecific antibody directed against two important receptor targets: epidermal growth factor receptor, or EGFR, and MET receptor. NSCLC is a major type of lung cancer. In some … Read more
Introduction Viloxazine is an oral non-stimulant drug marketed under the brand name Qelbree. Pharmacologically, viloxazine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, commonly called ADHD. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, or a combination of these symptoms. It can affect academic performance, work productivity, behavior, … Read more
Introduction Spravato is the brand name of esketamine, a nasal spray antidepressant used in selected adults with major depressive disorder. Pharmacologically, esketamine is a non-selective, non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, commonly called an NMDA receptor antagonist. Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder involving mood, cognition, sleep, appetite, motivation, reward processing, stress regulation, neuroplasticity, and multiple neurotransmitter … Read more
Introduction Xeljanz is the brand name of tofacitinib, an oral immunomodulatory drug. Pharmacologically, tofacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor, commonly called a JAK inhibitor. Inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis are driven by abnormal immune-cell activation and cytokine signaling. Cytokines are chemical … Read more
