Harsh Singh Rajput 
Introduction Verquvo is the brand name of vericiguat, an oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator used in selected adults with symptomatic chronic heart failure. It is mainly used in patients with heart failure and ejection fraction less than 45% who have recently had worsening heart failure requiring hospitalization or outpatient intravenous diuretic therapy. Its clinical role … Read more
Introduction Cosentyx is the brand name of secukinumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody used in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. It belongs to the class of interleukin-17A inhibitors, also called IL-17A antagonists. Cosentyx is important in pharmacology because it targets a specific inflammatory cytokine rather than producing broad immunosuppression like corticosteroids. It is used in conditions where … Read more
Introduction Alpelisib is an oral targeted anticancer drug that belongs to the class of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitors. It is mainly known as a selective PI3K alpha inhibitor and is used in diseases driven by activating mutations in the PIK3CA gene. In oncology, alpelisib is used in combination with fulvestrant for patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-mutated … Read more
Introduction Rybelsus is the brand name of oral semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is pharmacologically important because it is an orally administered GLP-1 receptor agonist, unlike many other GLP-1 receptor agonists that are given by subcutaneous injection. Rybelsus is used along with diet and … Read more
Introduction Auvelity is a fixed-dose oral combination of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and bupropion hydrochloride. It is used for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults, and its U.S. use has also expanded to agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease in adults. Auvelity is pharmacologically important because it combines two drugs with different but … Read more
Introduction Zeposia is the brand name of ozanimod, an oral immunomodulatory drug used mainly in relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. It belongs to the class of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, commonly called S1P receptor modulators. Zeposia is important in pharmacology because it does not act like a conventional anti-inflammatory … Read more
Introduction Fasenra is the brand name of benralizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody used mainly in the management of severe eosinophilic asthma. It belongs to the class of biologic anti-eosinophilic therapies and is especially important in patients whose asthma remains uncontrolled despite standard inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting bronchodilator therapy. Unlike conventional asthma medicines such as beta-2 … Read more
Introduction Trodelvy is the brand name for sacituzumab govitecan, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) used for the treatment of certain advanced or metastatic cancers, particularly triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer after prior therapies. It combines the targeting capability of a monoclonal antibody with the potent cytotoxic activity of a chemotherapy payload. Sacituzumab … Read more
Mechanism of Action of Otezla (Apremilast) Introduction Otezla is the brand name for apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, oral ulcers associated with Behçet’s disease, and other inflammatory conditions. Unlike biologic therapies that target specific cytokines, apremilast works intracellularly by modulating inflammatory signaling pathways through cyclic … Read more
Introduction Nucala is the brand name for mepolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-5 (IL-5). It is used for the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Eosinophils play a major role in eosinophilic inflammatory diseases by releasing inflammatory mediators that damage … Read more
