Introduction Ocrelizumab is a monoclonal antibody used in multiple sclerosis. It is marketed as Ocrevus for intravenous infusion. Ocrelizumab is also the active anti-CD20 antibody component in Ocrevus Zunovo, a subcutaneous formulation that contains ocrelizumab with hyaluronidase. Pharmacologically, ocrelizumab is a CD20-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody. It is designed to target CD20-positive B lymphocytes, which are … Read more
Introduction Palbociclib is an oral targeted anticancer drug marketed under the brand name Ibrance. Pharmacologically, palbociclib is a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, commonly called a CDK4/6 inhibitor. Cell-cycle control is one of the most important concepts in cancer pharmacology. Normal cells divide only after receiving controlled growth signals. Cancer cells often escape these … Read more
Introduction Trulicity is the brand name of dulaglutide, a once-weekly injectable antidiabetic medicine used in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacologically, dulaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, commonly called a GLP-1 receptor agonist. GLP-1 is an incretin hormone released from intestinal L-cells after food intake. It helps regulate blood glucose by increasing insulin secretion, decreasing … Read more
Introduction Lumateperone is an oral atypical antipsychotic marketed under the brand name Caplyta. It is used in adults for schizophrenia, depressive episodes associated with bipolar I or bipolar II disorder, and as adjunctive therapy with antidepressants for major depressive disorder. The current U.S. prescribing information lists the recommended Caplyta dose as 42 mg orally once … Read more
Introduction Rexulti is the brand name of brexpiprazole, an oral atypical antipsychotic used in psychiatric and neuropsychiatric conditions. Pharmacologically, brexpiprazole is a serotonin-dopamine activity modulator with partial agonist activity at dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, along with antagonist activity at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Rexulti is used as adjunctive therapy with antidepressants for major depressive … Read more
Mechanism of Action of Taltz Introduction Taltz is the brand name of ixekizumab, a biologic immunomodulator used in selected chronic inflammatory diseases. Pharmacologically, ixekizumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody that acts as an interleukin-17A antagonist. Interleukin-17A, commonly called IL-17A, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in normal immune defense and abnormal immune-mediated inflammation. It … Read more
Introduction Orgovyx is the brand name of relugolix, an oral hormonal anticancer drug used in adult patients with advanced prostate cancer. Pharmacologically, Orgovyx is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist, also called a GnRH receptor antagonist or LHRH receptor antagonist. Prostate cancer growth is commonly driven by androgen signaling, especially testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone is mainly … Read more
Introduction Fingolimod is an oral disease-modifying drug used in relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. It was originally marketed under the brand name Gilenya. Pharmacologically, fingolimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, commonly called an S1P receptor modulator. Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. In MS, autoreactive lymphocytes cross the … Read more
Introduction Vyvgart is the brand name of efgartigimod alfa-fcab, an immunomodulatory biologic drug used for generalized myasthenia gravis, commonly abbreviated as gMG. Pharmacologically, Vyvgart is a neonatal Fc receptor blocker, also called an FcRn blocker. A related subcutaneous product, Vyvgart Hytrulo, contains efgartigimod alfa with hyaluronidase-qvfc and is used in adults with generalized myasthenia gravis … Read more
Introduction Enbrel is the brand name of etanercept, a biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug used in several chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Pharmacologically, etanercept is a tumor necrosis factor blocker, commonly called a TNF inhibitor or anti-TNF drug. Tumor necrosis factor, especially TNF-alpha, is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune activation, leukocyte migration, synovial inflammation, cartilage … Read more
