Trusted by 50K+ Pharmacy StudentsHigh Quality Notes, MCQs, Mock Tests & Study ResourcesGo Premium (Ads Free)
Pharmacy Freak

pharmacology

Mechanism of Action of Alcohol

MOA of Alcohol

Introduction Ethanol, commonly referred to as alcohol, is a psychoactive substance and central nervous system (CNS) depressant with widespread social and clinical significance. Mechanism of Action of Alcohol involves modulation of several neurotransmitter systems—most notably GABA, glutamate, and dopamine—leading to sedation, euphoria, impaired motor coordination, and cognitive effects. Ethanol’s pharmacological effects depend on dose, chronicity … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Terlipressin

mechanism of action of terlipressin

Introduction Terlipressin is a synthetic vasopressin analogue and prodrug of lysine-vasopressin, primarily used to manage acute variceal bleeding and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) in patients with advanced liver disease. It exerts selective vasoconstrictive effects through vasopressin V1 receptors, targeting the splanchnic circulation to improve effective arterial blood volume and renal perfusion. Mechanism of Action (Step-wise) 1. … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Miralax

mechanism of action of miralax

Mechanism of Action of Miralax Introduction Miralax, with the active ingredient polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG 3350), is a commonly used osmotic laxative indicated for the treatment of occasional constipation. Its popularity stems from its non-stimulant mechanism, gentle action on the gastrointestinal tract, and favorable safety profile. Miralax does not cause dependency and is generally well-tolerated, … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Ondansetron

Ondansetron Mechanism of Action

Introduction Ondansetron is a highly selective 5‑hydroxytryptamine 3 (5‑HT₃) receptor antagonist used primarily as an antiemetic. It prevents nausea and vomiting triggered by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and gastrointestinal irritants. It acts both peripherally in the gastrointestinal tract and centrally in the brainstem’s vomiting centers. Step‑by‑Step Mechanism of Action Pharmacokinetic Parameters Parameter Ondansetron Values Bioavailability ~60% … Read more

Mechanism of Action of NSAIDs

NSAID Mechanism of Action

Introduction Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a widely used class of medications with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. They are commonly prescribed for pain relief, reducing inflammation in conditions like arthritis, dysmenorrhea, and fevers. NSAIDs achieve these effects by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis. Step‑by‑Step Mechanism of Action Pharmacokinetic Parameters Parameter Ibuprofen (Representative … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Tranexamic Acid

Tranexamic Acid Mechanism of Action

Introduction Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent commonly used to control or prevent excessive bleeding in trauma, surgery, heavy menstrual bleeding, and in hemophilia patients undergoing dental procedures. It stabilizes clots by inhibiting the breakdown of fibrin, thus reducing blood loss and improving hemostasis. Step-by-Step Mechanism of Action Pharmacokinetic Parameters Parameter Value Bioavailability ~30–50% … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Hydralazine

hydralazine mechanism of action

Introduction Hydralazine is a potent vasodilator used primarily in the management of hypertension and heart failure, particularly in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors or with resistant hypertension. It acts directly on vascular smooth muscle, causing arterial dilation and thereby reducing both afterload and cardiac workload. Its rapid onset and efficacy make it valuable in acute … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Heparin

Heparin mechanism of action

Introduction Heparin is a widely used anticoagulant primarily employed in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction. As a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan, heparin exerts its anticoagulant effects by enhancing the activity of antithrombin III (AT III), leading to the inactivation of key coagulation factors. It … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Insulin

Insulin Mechanism of Action

Introduction Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by pancreatic β‑cells. It belongs to the class of anabolic hormones. It plays a vital role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Insulin therapy is crucial for managing type 1 diabetes and advanced type 2 diabetes. Step-by-Step Mechanism of Action Pharmacokinetic Parameters Parameter Details Absorption Administered SC or IV; … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Digoxin (Cardiac Glycoside)

Digoxin MOA – Inhibition of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase Increasing Contractility

Introduction Digoxin is a well-known cardiac glycoside used in the treatment of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Derived from Digitalis lanata, it has both positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects. Its mechanism involves inhibition of the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump, which indirectly increases intracellular calcium, enhancing myocardial contractility. Digoxin’s unique pharmacology and toxicity profile make it a … Read more

PRO
Ad-Free Access
$3.99 / month
  • ✓ No Interruptions
  • ✓ Faster Page Loads
  • ✓ Support Content Creators
Subscribe Now