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Pharmacy Freak

Harsh Singh Rajput

Harsh Singh Rajput is a pharmacist currently working at ESIC and holds an MBA in Pharmaceutical Management from NIPER Hyderabad. He has a strong academic record with top ranks in national-level pharmacy exams, including AIR 61 in NIPER 2024 (MS/M.Pharm), AIR 27 in NIPER MBA, AIR 147 in GPAT 2024, AIR 907 in GPAT 2023, and AIR 6 in AIIMS CRE-2025 for Drug Store Keeper. At PharmacyFreak.com, he contributes expert content, exam strategies, and practical guidance for future pharmacists. Mail- harsh@pharmacyfreak.com

Omeprazole Chemical Structure

Omeprazole chemical structure (PPI), 2D skeletal formula, C17H19N3O3S

1. Identification SummaryOmeprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) used to reduce gastric acid secretion, treating GERD, peptic ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis, and hypersecretory states; it is supplied as a racemic mixture and often dosed before meals. Brand NamesPrilosec, Losec, Zegerid (omeprazole/sodium bicarbonate); numerous generics (region-dependent) NameOmeprazole BackgroundA benzimidazole sulfoxide first approved in the late 1980s; … Read more

Aspirin Chemical Structure

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) 2D chemical structure, C9H8O4, salicylate ester

1. Identification SummaryAspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for analgesia, antipyresis, anti-inflammation, and—at low doses—irreversible antiplatelet therapy for cardiovascular prevention. Brand NamesAspirin, Ecotrin, Aspro, Disprin, Bayer Aspirin (regional variants and generics) NameAspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) BackgroundA salicylate ester developed in the late 19th century; its acetylation of platelet COX-1 underlies long-lasting antiplatelet … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Antacids

MOA of Antacids

Introduction Antacids are weakly basic compounds that neutralize excess gastric acid in the stomach, providing rapid relief from heartburn, acid reflux, gastritis, and peptic ulcer disease. Mechanism of Action of Antacids involves a direct chemical reaction with hydrochloric acid (HCl) in gastric juice to form salt and water, thereby increasing gastric pH and reducing acidity. … Read more

Ibuprofen Chemical Structure

Ibuprofen 2D chemical structure (propionic-acid NSAID), C13H18O2

1. Identification SummaryIbuprofen is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indicated for relief of mild–moderate pain, fever, and inflammatory conditions; available OTC in many regions and by prescription for higher strengths/formulations. Brand NamesAdvil, Motrin, Nurofen, Brufen (regional variants and numerous generics) NameIbuprofen BackgroundA propionic-acid NSAID introduced in the late 1960s/1970s; supplied as a racemic … Read more

Amoxicillin Chemical Structure

1. Identification SummaryA β-lactam, aminopenicillin antibiotic used across primary care and hospital settings for common bacterial infections; often chosen for ENT, lower respiratory, skin/soft-tissue, urinary, and H. pylori combination therapy. Brand NamesAmoxil, Trimox, Moxatag; regional variants and numerous generics NameAmoxicillin BackgroundA semisynthetic derivative of 6-APA (developed in the 1960s) with improved oral absorption versus ampicillin. … Read more

Metformin Chemical Structure

Metformin 2D chemical structure (N,N-dimethylbiguanide), C4H11N5

1.Identification SummaryFirst-line oral antihyperglycemic (biguanide) used in type 2 diabetes mellitus; lowers hepatic glucose output, improves insulin sensitivity, and has minimal risk of hypoglycemia when used alone. Brand NamesGlucophage, Riomet, Fortamet, Glumetza (regional availability varies) NameMetformin BackgroundA synthetic dimethylbiguanide introduced clinically in the mid-20th century; retained on essential-medicine lists worldwide due to efficacy, safety profile, … Read more

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Chemical Structure

Paracetamol chemical structure with IUPAC

1. Identification SummaryWidely used non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic for mild–moderate pain and fever; centrally acting with minimal peripheral anti-inflammatory effects. Brand NamesExamples: Tylenol, Panadol, Calpol (brands vary by country). NameParacetamol (Acetaminophen) BackgroundDiscovered in the late 19th–early 20th century and adopted globally as a first-line antipyretic/analgesic. Included in many mono- and combination products across OTC and … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Amitriptyline

MOA of Amitriptyline

Introduction Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) primarily used in the management of major depressive disorder, neuropathic pain, migraine prophylaxis, and insomnia. Mechanism of Action of Amitriptyline involves inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake at presynaptic nerve terminals, thereby increasing their synaptic concentrations. Additionally, it exhibits significant anticholinergic, antihistaminic, and alpha-adrenergic blocking effects, … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Amiloride

MOA of Amiloride

Introduction Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic that acts on the distal nephron of the kidney to promote sodium excretion while conserving potassium. Mechanism of Action of Amiloride involves direct inhibition of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in the late distal tubule and collecting duct, leading to decreased sodium reabsorption and reduced potassium excretion. Unlike aldosterone antagonists … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Amikacin

MOA of Amikacin

Introduction Amikacin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic primarily used to treat severe Gram-negative bacterial infections, including those resistant to other aminoglycosides. Mechanism of Action of Amikacin involves irreversible inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, leading to misreading of mRNA and defective protein formation. Because of its stability against many … Read more

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