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Mechanism of Action

Mechanism of Action of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Mechanism of action of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Introduction Potassium-sparing diuretics are a group of diuretic drugs that increase sodium and water excretion while conserving potassium. They are mainly used in hypertension, heart failure, hyperaldosteronism, and conditions associated with potassium loss caused by other diuretics. Unlike loop and thiazide diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics reduce potassium excretion and help prevent hypokalemia. Mechanism of Action (Step-wise) … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Potassium Chloride

MOA of Potassium Chloride

Introduction Potassium chloride is an electrolyte replacement therapy used to prevent and treat hypokalemia. Potassium is the major intracellular cation and is essential for normal nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and cardiac electrical activity. Potassium chloride restores potassium balance and helps maintain normal cellular membrane potential and neuromuscular function. Mechanism of Action (Step-wise) A key exam … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Plavix (Clopidogrel)

Mechanism of Action of Plavix Flowchart

Introduction Plavix is the brand name for clopidogrel, an antiplatelet drug widely used in the prevention of thrombotic cardiovascular events. It inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking ADP-mediated platelet activation. Clopidogrel is commonly prescribed in patients with acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and after coronary stent placement. Mechanism of Action (Step-wise) A key exam … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Pilocarpine

Mechanism of action of Pilocarpine

Introduction Pilocarpine is a direct-acting muscarinic receptor agonist used primarily in glaucoma and xerostomia. It mimics the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, producing parasympathetic effects. In ophthalmology, pilocarpine lowers intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor outflow. It is also used to stimulate salivary secretion in conditions such as Sjögren syndrome. Mechanism of Action (Step-wise) … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Physostigmine

Mechanism of action of Physostigmine

Introduction Physostigmine is a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that increases acetylcholine levels at cholinergic synapses. Unlike quaternary ammonium anticholinesterases, physostigmine is a tertiary amine and can cross the blood-brain barrier, allowing central nervous system effects. It is commonly used in the treatment of anticholinergic toxicity. Mechanism of Action (Step-wise) A key exam point is that physostigmine … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Phenylephrine

Mechanism of Action of Phenylephrine

Introduction Phenylephrine is a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist used as a vasopressor, nasal decongestant, and mydriatic agent. It produces vasoconstriction by stimulating α1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle. Due to its minimal β-adrenergic activity, phenylephrine primarily affects vascular tone with little direct effect on the heart. Mechanism of Action (Step-wise) A key exam point is … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Phentermine

MOA of Phentermine

Introduction Phentermine is a sympathomimetic amine used as an appetite suppressant in the short-term management of obesity. It acts primarily on the central nervous system to reduce hunger and increase satiety. Phentermine is structurally similar to amphetamines and is commonly prescribed along with dietary modification and exercise in weight reduction programs. Mechanism of Action (Step-wise) … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Phenobarbital

MOA of Phenobarbital

Introduction Phenobarbital is a long-acting barbiturate used primarily as an anticonvulsant and sedative-hypnotic. It is widely used in the management of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and status epilepticus. Phenobarbital enhances inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system, leading to decreased neuronal excitability and seizure control. Mechanism of Action (Step-wise) A key exam point is that phenobarbital … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Pepto-Bismol

Mechanism of action of Pepto Bismol

Introduction Pepto-Bismol contains bismuth subsalicylate, an over-the-counter medication used for the treatment of diarrhea, dyspepsia, nausea, and upset stomach. It has multiple mechanisms of action including antimicrobial, anti-secretory, and mucosal protective effects. Its combination of bismuth and salicylate components contributes to its broad therapeutic activity in gastrointestinal disorders. Mechanism of Action (Step-wise) A key exam … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Pepcid (Famotidine)

Mechanism of action of Pepcid

Introduction Pepcid is the brand name for famotidine, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used to reduce gastric acid secretion. It is commonly used in conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and dyspepsia. Famotidine works by blocking histamine-mediated stimulation of acid secretion in gastric parietal cells. Mechanism of Action (Step-wise) A key … Read more

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