Mechanism of Action - Pharmacy Freak

Mechanism of Action of Hydrocortisone

April 10, 2026March 16, 2026 Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team Harsh Singh Rajput

Introduction Hydrocortisone is a naturally occurring glucocorticoid hormone that is identical to cortisol produced by the adrenal cortex. It exhibits both glucocorticoid and mild mineralocorticoid activity and is widely used for its anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and metabolic effects. Hydrocortisone is used clinically in conditions such as adrenal insufficiency, allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, and dermatologic … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

April 10, 2026March 15, 2026 Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team Harsh Singh Rajput

Introduction Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic widely used in the treatment of hypertension, edema, and certain kidney disorders. It acts primarily on the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron to promote sodium and water excretion. By reducing extracellular fluid volume and decreasing peripheral vascular resistance, hydrochlorothiazide effectively lowers blood pressure. Thiazide diuretics are among … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Haloperidol

April 10, 2026March 15, 2026 Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team Harsh Singh Rajput

Introduction Haloperidol is a first generation (typical) antipsychotic belonging to the butyrophenone class. It is widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia, acute psychosis, delirium, and severe agitation. Haloperidol primarily works by blocking dopamine receptors in the central nervous system, particularly in the mesolimbic pathway. Because excessive dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway is associated … Read more

Mechanism of Action of H2 Antagonists

April 10, 2026March 15, 2026 Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team Harsh Singh Rajput

Introduction H2 antagonists, also called H2 receptor blockers, are drugs used to reduce gastric acid secretion in conditions such as peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. These drugs block histamine H2 receptors located on gastric parietal cells, thereby inhibiting acid production. Common H2 antagonists include cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine. By … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Guaifenesin

April 10, 2026March 7, 2026 Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team Harsh Singh Rajput

Introduction Guaifenesin is an expectorant commonly used in the treatment of productive cough associated with respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis, the common cold, and other respiratory conditions. It works by reducing the viscosity of bronchial secretions, making mucus easier to clear from the airways. Unlike antitussive drugs that suppress cough reflexes, guaifenesin facilitates mucus … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Griseofulvin

April 10, 2026March 6, 2026 Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team Harsh Singh Rajput

Introduction Griseofulvin is an antifungal antibiotic primarily used to treat dermatophyte infections such as tinea infections of the skin, hair, and nails. It is derived from the mold Penicillium griseofulvum and works by inhibiting fungal cell division. Unlike many antifungal drugs that target the fungal cell membrane, griseofulvin acts on fungal microtubules and mitotic spindle … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Glucocorticoids

April 10, 2026March 5, 2026 Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team Harsh Singh Rajput

Introduction Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that regulate metabolism, immune responses, inflammation, and stress adaptation. Endogenous glucocorticoids such as cortisol are produced by the adrenal cortex, while synthetic glucocorticoids like prednisone, dexamethasone, and hydrocortisone are widely used in clinical medicine. Glucocorticoids exert their effects primarily through intracellular glucocorticoid receptors, altering gene transcription and protein synthesis. Their … Read more

Mechanism of Action of GLP-1 Analogues

April 10, 2026March 5, 2026 Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team Harsh Singh Rajput

Introduction GLP-1 analogues, also known as GLP-1 receptor agonists, are an important class of antidiabetic drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. These drugs mimic the action of the endogenous incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is secreted from intestinal L-cells after food intake. GLP-1 analogues enhance glucose dependent insulin … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Glipizide

April 10, 2026March 3, 2026 Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team Harsh Singh Rajput

Introduction Glipizide is a second generation sulfonylurea used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It functions as an insulin secretagogue, lowering blood glucose by stimulating pancreatic beta cells to release insulin. Compared with first generation sulfonylureas, glipizide has greater potency, improved safety, and fewer drug interactions. It is a high yield drug in … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Glimepiride

April 10, 2026March 3, 2026 Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team Harsh Singh Rajput

Introduction Glimepiride is a third generation sulfonylurea used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It functions primarily as an insulin secretagogue by stimulating pancreatic beta cells to release insulin. Compared with earlier sulfonylureas, glimepiride is often associated with a lower risk of prolonged hypoglycemia and may exhibit additional extrapancreatic effects that improve insulin … Read more