Psoriatic Arthritis - Pharmacy Freak

Mechanism of Action of Tofacitinib (Xeljanz)

April 10, 2026July 3, 2025 Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team Harsh Singh Rajput

Introduction Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, primarily targeting JAK1 and JAK3. It blocks intracellular signaling of multiple inflammatory cytokines and is approved for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ulcerative colitis (UC), and other immune-mediated diseases. Step-by-Step Mechanism of Action Pharmacokinetic Parameters Parameter Value Route Oral Bioavailability ~74% Time to Peak (Tmax) … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Apremilast (Otezla)

April 10, 2026July 3, 2025 Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team Harsh Singh Rajput

Introduction Apremilast (Otezla) is an oral phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor approved for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Behçet’s disease‑associated oral ulcers. By modulating intracellular signaling, it reduces inflammation and disease symptoms through balanced cytokine regulation. Step-by-Step Mechanism of Action Pharmacokinetic Parameters Parameter Value Route Oral (delayed-release tablet) Bioavailability ~73% Time to Peak (Tmax) ~2–4 hours Protein Binding … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Stelara (Ustekinumab)

April 10, 2026July 2, 2025 Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team Harsh Singh Rajput

Introduction Stelara (ustekinumab) is a fully human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody designed to target key cytokines involved in immune-mediated diseases. It selectively binds to the p40 subunit common to interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-23 (IL-23), blocking their interaction with cell surface receptors. Stelara is approved for several chronic inflammatory conditions including plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn’s disease, … Read more