Introduction Dextromethorphan is a widely used antitussive (cough suppressant) agent found in over-the-counter cold and cough formulations. Mechanism of Action of Dextromethorphan involves modulation of the central nervous system by acting on multiple receptors, including NMDA, sigma-1, and serotonin transporters. Beyond cough suppression, it has emerging roles in neurology and psychiatry, such as treatment of … Read more
Introduction Ketamine is a unique anesthetic agent known for its dissociative anesthesia and analgesic properties. It is widely used in emergency medicine, anesthesia, and pain management. Unlike conventional GABAergic sedatives, ketamine works primarily by antagonizing the NMDA receptor, resulting in a trance-like state with preserved airway reflexes and spontaneous respiration. Mechanism of Action (Step-wise) 1. … Read more
Introduction Amantadine is an antiviral agent and antiparkinsonian medication. Initially used for influenza A, it also treats drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms and Parkinson’s disease. Its mechanism combines viral M2 ion channel inhibition and enhancement of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Step-by-Step Mechanism of Action Pharmacokinetic Parameters Parameter Value Route Oral (capsule, syrup) Bioavailability ~86% … Read more
