Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team 
The ability to study cells depends largely on how readily they can be grown and manipulated in the laboratory. Although the process is technically far more difficult than the culture of bacteria or yeasts, a wide variety of animal and plant cells can be grown and manipulated in culture. Such in vitro cell culture systems … Read more
MCQ / multiple choice questions of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry with answers. Check our site for GPAT and B.pharm preparations. 1. The change in the specific rotation due to interconversion of a form into B form or vice versa is known as (a) Mutarotation (b) Epimerisation (c) Isomerisation (d) Cyclization Answer – (a) Mutarotation 2. Mutarotation … Read more
The pharmacognosy and phytochemistry MCQs with answers. Check it out for B.Pharm and GPAT. 1. N-methyl morphinan differs from morphine in one aspect. Identify it (a) Ether bridge between C-4 and C-5 is absent (b) Hydroxy groups are absent (c) N-methyl group is absent (d) None of the above Answer-(a) Ether bridge between C-4 and … Read more
Multiple Choice Questions /MCQ of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry of B.pharma / GPAT with answers. Here we provide mcq for GPAT preparing student and for any competitive exams related to pharmacy. For any kind of pharmacy related mcq, please visit us. Check out for more multiple choice questions / MCQ from pharmacognosy and phytochemistry here. SET- … Read more
Complexation Usually, non-covalent interaction between two or more compounds that are capable of independent existence is called a complexation. Generally, it results from a donor-acceptor mechanism or Lewis acid-base reactions between two or more different chemical constituents. Any non-metallic atom or ionic (free or bound) that can donate electrons pair serves as a donor. The … Read more
PRESERVATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS To minimize the risk of spoilage and to kill any contaminant in a non-sterile medicine after manufacturing, the antimicrobial preservative may be included in a formulation. Ideally, preservatives should be able to kill all microbial contaminants rapidly not be an irritant or toxic to the patient, stable and effective throughout the … Read more
Disinfectants Chemicals that can kill vegetative bacteria, fungi, viruses & rarely bacteria spores. Disinfection It is a process of destruction or removal of microorganisms capable of producing an infection. We use disinfectants for such processes. Antisepsis It is the destruction or inhibition of microorganisms in living tissues thereby preventing the harmful effects of infection … Read more
Fats and oils. Fats and oils are present in the majority of the liquid present in the adipose tissue of mammals. Fats and oils are mainly the glyceryl esters of various fatty acids like palmitic, stearic, linoleic, and linolenic. They are also called triglycerides as three molecules of fatty condense with one mole of glycerol … Read more
Q.Discuss the stability of cycloalkanes and various theories. The stability of cycloalkanes is explained by various scientists by their respective theories. Some of the most prominent theories that can explain the stability of cycloalkanes are Bayer’s strain theory Coulson and Moffitt’s modification Sasche Mohr’s theory of strain less ring Bayer’s strain theory It is the … Read more
Kekule’s structure of benzene Frederick August Kekule gave Kekule’s structure of benzene in 1865. He stated that the six carbon atoms of benzene attach with alternate single and double bonds and form hexagonal rings. Each carbon is further connected to a hydrogen atom. However, there are three main objections to Kekule’s structure. The three main … Read more
