MCQs Quiz

Gas chromatography (GC) is an essential analytical technique in pharmaceutical analysis, used for separation, identification, and quantitation of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. This introduction covers GC theory — retention time, partitioning, adsorption, capacity factor (k’), plate theory (HETP, number of theoretical plates) and the Van Deemter relationship — and instrumentation — injector types, capillary and … Read more

Introduction Electrophoresis is a vital analytical tool in drug analysis, widely used in pharmaceutical quality control, impurity profiling, formulation studies and forensic investigations. B.Pharm students should master capillary electrophoresis (CE), gel techniques (SDS-PAGE, native PAGE, agarose), isoelectric focusing (IEF) and hyphenated methods like CE-MS for the separation and identification of small molecules, peptides and protein … Read more

Introduction: Paper, gel and capillary electrophoresis are essential separation techniques in pharmaceutical analysis, used for resolving proteins, nucleic acids, small ions and drug enantiomers. This concise guide for B. Pharm students covers principles of electrophoretic mobility, buffer systems, matrix sieving (agarose, polyacrylamide), capillary formats, electroosmotic flow, staining and detection (UV, fluorescence, MS). Emphasis is placed … Read more

Electrophoresis – basic concepts and electrophoretic mobility MCQs With Answer Electrophoresis is a core analytical technique in pharmaceutical sciences used for separation and characterization of charged biomolecules. B.Pharm students should understand electrophoretic mobility, electric field effects, buffer selection, zeta potential, and gel matrices like agarose and polyacrylamide. Key concepts include mobility (µ = v/E), electroosmotic … Read more

Paper chromatography is a classical analytical technique that separates components by the principle of partition between a liquid mobile phase and the thin aqueous layer adsorbed on cellulose paper as the stationary phase. Widely used in pharmaceutical analysis, it employs development techniques such as ascending, descending, horizontal and radial chromatography; choice of solvent system, chamber … Read more

Introduction: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a rapid, cost-effective analytical tool widely used in pharmaceutical analysis for qualitative screening, impurity profiling, assay development, and monitoring reaction progress. B.Pharm students should master TLC concepts such as stationary phase, mobile phase selection, Rf value interpretation, visualization techniques, and densitometry quantification. Understand advantages like simplicity, low solvent use, … Read more

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a rapid, cost-effective analytical technique widely used in pharmaceutical analysis for separation, identification and purity testing. Based on adsorption and partition principles, TLC employs a thin stationary phase (e.g., silica gel) and a mobile phase solvent system to resolve compounds. Key concepts include Rf value determination, solvent polarity, plate activation, … Read more

Introduction Partition column chromatography is a liquid–liquid separation technique that separates solutes based on their differing partition coefficients between a liquid stationary phase and a liquid mobile phase. Common formats include paper, column partition, and countercurrent chromatography used in pharmaceutical analysis. Key concepts for B.Pharm students include partition coefficient (K), distribution ratio, stationary/mobile phase selection, … Read more

Adsorption chromatography is a core separation technique in pharmaceutical analysis that relies on the interaction between analytes and a solid adsorbent stationary phase such as silica or alumina. B.Pharm students should understand methodology elements—adsorbent selection, mobile phase polarity, column packing, elution techniques, and adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich)—along with performance metrics like retention, selectivity, and efficiency. … Read more

Chromatography is a fundamental separation technique in pharmaceutical analysis, combining theory and practical classification to resolve complex mixtures. This introduction covers chromatographic mechanisms—adsorption, partition, ion-exchange, size-exclusion and affinity—along with common systems such as TLC, HPLC, and GC. Key concepts like stationary phase, mobile phase, retention time, Rf, resolution, theoretical plates, van Deemter equation, and detector … Read more