PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING

Semi-continuous centrifuge – principle, construction, working, uses, merits, demerits MCQs With Answer A semi-continuous centrifuge is a vital separation device in pharmaceutical processing, combining centrifugation principles with intermittent solids discharge for efficient solid-liquid separation. This introduction covers the principle (centrifugal sedimentation), main constructional parts (bowl, scroll/rotor, feed, discharge), working parameters (speed, feed rate, differential speed, … Read more

Introduction The non-perforated basket centrifuge is a key solid-liquid separation device in pharmaceutical processing, used for settling and retaining solids inside a closed drum while clarified liquid overflows or is removed. This overview explains the principle, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits in simple terms for B.Pharm students. Covered topics include centrifugal sedimentation, basket and … Read more

Perforated basket centrifuge is an essential solid–liquid separator widely used in pharmaceutical processing. This concise guide for B. Pharm students covers principle, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of perforated basket centrifuges, focusing on drum and basket design, perforation size, rotational speed and g‑force that control cake formation, washing and drying. It also explains materials … Read more

Applications of centrifugation MCQs With Answer provide B.Pharm students a focused review of centrifugation principles and pharmaceutical uses. This short, Student-friendly guide covers practical applications — particle separation, clarification, pelleting, density-gradient separation, virus and nanoparticle isolation, formulation development, and analytical ultracentrifugation — and reinforces learning with objective questions. Emphasis is on rotor selection, RCF vs … Read more

Principle of centrifugation MCQs With Answer — For B. Pharm students, understanding the principle of centrifugation is essential for pharmaceutical separation, particle characterization, and quality control. This introduction covers centrifugal force, sedimentation, relative centrifugal force (RCF), rotor types, rpm‑to‑g conversion, and factors affecting separation such as particle size, density, viscosity, and temperature. Mastery of centrifugation … Read more

Objectives of centrifugation MCQs With Answer for B. Pharm students: Centrifugation is a core laboratory technique used to separate, concentrate, and purify particles, organelles, and macromolecules based on size, shape, and density. This targeted collection of MCQs focuses on the key objectives of centrifugation—pelleting, clarification, fractionation, and density-gradient separations—while covering rotor types, RCF calculations, operational … Read more

Seidtz filter is an important depth/membrane filtration device widely studied in pharmaceutics for sterilizing and clarifying heat-sensitive liquids. This introduction explains the Seidtz filter principle, construction, working mechanism, practical uses, merits and demerits, and typical operating parameters relevant to B. Pharm students. You will learn about pore structure, flow dynamics, filter aids, pressure and vacuum … Read more

Introduction Membrane filters are essential in pharmaceutical filtration — covering principle, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits — for B.Pharm students preparing for lab work and exams. These thin, porous polymeric or inorganic membranes (PVDF, nylon, PTFE, cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose) operate mainly by size-exclusion and adsorptive mechanisms; common pore sizes are 0.22 µm and 0.45 … Read more

Cartridge filter – principle, construction, working, uses, merits, demerits MCQs With Answer Cartridge filters are essential in pharmaceutical processing for particle removal, sterile filtration and sample clarification. This introduction explains the principle (surface vs depth filtration), construction (housing, end caps, media types like membrane, pleated and depth), working parameters (pore size, flow, differential pressure, integrity … Read more

Meta filter — principle, construction, working, uses, merits, demerits are essential topics for B. Pharm students learning pharmaceutical filtration. This concise introduction explains how meta filters (metallic filters such as woven mesh and sintered metal) function by mechanical sieving and depth retention, describes common construction elements and materials, and outlines typical working conditions. It also … Read more