Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team

Introduction History and development of pharmacy profession in India traces a rich journey from ancient Ayurvedic pharmacopeia to modern clinical practice and industry. B. Pharm students should understand contributions of classical texts like Charaka and Sushruta, medieval herbal traditions, and colonial-era modernization that introduced formal pharmacy education, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and drug regulation. Key milestones include … Read more

Polarography is a sensitive electroanalytical method widely applied in pharmaceutical analysis for trace metal and drug determinations. Using a renewable mercury electrode and current–potential curves, polarographic analysis provides both qualitative identification (via half-wave or peak potentials) and quantitative assays (via diffusion or stripping currents). Key applications include assay of reducible drugs, impurity profiling, stability testing, … Read more

Introduction The rotating platinum electrode is a key tool in electrochemistry and pharmaceutical analysis. This introduction explains the construction and working of a rotating platinum electrode (RDE/RPE), highlighting components such as the platinum disk, shaft, insulating sleeve, motor, and electrode housing. It covers hydrodynamic voltammetry, mass transport control, diffusion layer behavior, and the Levich and … Read more

Understanding the construction and working of the dropping mercury electrode (DME) is essential for B. Pharm students studying electrochemical analysis and polarography. The DME comprises a mercury reservoir, a fine glass capillary, an electrical contact, and a drop-collection arrangement, providing a renewable mercury surface with controlled drop time and size. Key topics include capillary geometry, … Read more

Understanding the Ilkovic equation and diffusion current is essential for B.Pharm students studying analytical electrochemistry and polarography. The Ilkovic equation links diffusion current at a dropping mercury electrode to analyte concentration, diffusion coefficient, mercury flow rate and drop time, enabling quantitative analysis of reducible or oxidizable drugs. The typical Ilkovic expression shows Id proportional to … Read more