Pharmacy Freak Editorial Team

Active surveillance in pharmacovigilance is a proactive, systematic approach to drug safety that uses sentinel sites, drug event monitoring and patient registries to identify, evaluate and quantify adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after marketing. Sentinel sites gather detailed clinical and exposure data from selected hospitals or clinics; drug event monitoring (including cohort event monitoring and targeted … Read more

Stimulated reporting methods MCQs With Answer provide B. Pharm students a focused way to learn pharmacovigilance beyond spontaneous reporting. This introduction explains key concepts such as stimulated reporting, targeted spontaneous reporting, cohort event monitoring, active surveillance, and adverse drug reaction (ADR) signal detection. Emphasis is on practical steps: minimum data set, causality assessment (e.g., Naranjo), … Read more

Introduction: Passive surveillance, including spontaneous reporting and case series, is a cornerstone of pharmacovigilance used to detect adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after medicines are marketed. B. Pharm students should understand spontaneous reporting systems, Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs), common data elements, and the strengths and limitations of passive surveillance such as underreporting and reporting bias. … Read more

Vaccine failure and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are critical topics for B. Pharm students involved in immunization safety and pharmacovigilance. This introduction highlights causes of primary and secondary vaccine failure, host and vaccine-related factors, cold chain and storage errors, antigenic drift, and immunization error–related reactions. It also explains AEFI classification, causality assessment, surveillance systems, … Read more

Vaccine pharmacovigilance and vaccine safety surveillance are essential components of public health and modern immunization programs. This introduction covers core concepts such as adverse events following immunization (AEFI), post-marketing surveillance, passive and active reporting systems, signal detection, causality assessment, pharmacoepidemiology methods, risk management plans, and safety communication. B. Pharm students will learn how surveillance systems … Read more