We have provided 60 MCQs on Cardiovascular System, Unit-5, 1st semester, Human Anatomy and physiology, B. Pharm.
We have covered following topics.
Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of artery, vein and capillaries, elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat, its regulation by autonomic nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle. Regulation of blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram and disorders of heart.
Table of Contents
MCQ on Cardiovascular System
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
- A) Right atrium
- B) Left atrium
- C) Right ventricle
- D) Left ventricle
Correct Answer: B) Left atrium
What is the largest artery in the human body that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
- A) Aorta
- B) Pulmonary artery
- C) Coronary artery
- D) Carotid artery
Correct Answer: A) Aorta
Which type of blood vessel has the thinnest walls, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and gases with body tissues?
- A) Artery
- B) Vein
- C) Capillary
- D) Venules
Correct Answer: C) Capillary
What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart’s conduction system?
- A) It relays signals to the ventricles.
- B) It initiates the heartbeat and sets the heart’s rhythm.
- C) It carries oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
- D) It regulates blood pressure.
Correct Answer: B) It initiates the heartbeat and sets the heart’s rhythm.
The cardiac cycle includes systole and diastole. During which phase does the heart contract and pump blood into the circulation?
- A) Systole
- B) Diastole
- C) Repolarization
- D) Depolarization
Correct Answer: A) Systole
What regulates heart rate and influences the strength of heart contractions, with divisions known as sympathetic and parasympathetic?
- A) Endocrine system
- B) Central nervous system
- C) Autonomic nervous system
- D) Somatic nervous system
Correct Answer: C) Autonomic nervous system
Which of the following represents the volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle of the heart in one minute?
- A) Heart rate
- B) Stroke volume
- C) Cardiac output
- D) Blood pressure
Correct Answer: C) Cardiac output
What instrument is commonly used to record the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, producing an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)?
- A) Stethoscope
- B) Ultrasound machine
- C) Blood pressure cuff
- D) Electrocardiograph
Correct Answer: D) Electrocardiograph
What term describes a condition in which there is a persistent high blood pressure in the arteries, potentially leading to heart disease or stroke?
- A) Hypotension
- B) Arrhythmia
- C) Hypertension
- D) Bradycardia
Correct Answer: C) Hypertension
Which part of the heart’s conduction system is responsible for transmitting electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles, ensuring coordinated contractions?
- A) Atrioventricular (AV) node
- B) Sinoatrial (SA) node
- C) Bundle of His
- D) Purkinje fibers
Correct Answer: A) Atrioventricular (AV) node
The “lub-dub” sound of the heartbeat corresponds to which specific events in the cardiac cycle?
- A) Lub: Atrial contraction; Dub: Ventricular contraction
- B) Lub: Ventricular contraction; Dub: Atrial contraction
- C) Lub: Ventricular contraction; Dub: Ventricular relaxation
- D) Lub: Atrial contraction; Dub: Atrial relaxation
Correct Answer: B) Lub: Ventricular contraction; Dub: Atrial contraction
Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart’s left atrium?
- A) Pulmonary artery
- B) Pulmonary vein
- C) Aorta
- D) Superior vena cava
Correct Answer: B) Pulmonary vein
An electrocardiogram (ECG) typically shows several waves. Which wave represents the depolarization of the ventricles?
- A) P wave
- B) QRS complex
- C) T wave
- D) U wave
Correct Answer: B) QRS complex
Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disorder. What is its primary characteristic?
- A) Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup
- B) Inflammation of the heart’s lining
- C) Abnormal heart rhythm
- D) Weakness of the heart muscle
Correct Answer: A) Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup
Which of the following factors can contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes?
- A) High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels
- B) Low blood pressure
- C) Regular exercise
- D) High cholesterol levels
Correct Answer: D) High cholesterol levels
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart’s left atrium?
- A) Pulmonary artery
- B) Pulmonary vein
- C) Aorta
- D) Inferior vena cava
Correct Answer: B) Pulmonary vein
What is the primary function of arteries in the circulatory system?
- A) To carry oxygenated blood to body tissues
- B) To carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart
- C) To exchange nutrients with body cells
- D) To transport carbon dioxide to the lungs
Correct Answer: A) To carry oxygenated blood to body tissues
Which of the following elements of the heart’s conduction system is responsible for transmitting electrical signals to the ventricles, causing them to contract?
- A) Sinoatrial (SA) node
- B) Atrioventricular (AV) node
- C) Bundle of His
- D) Purkinje fibers
Correct Answer: D) Purkinje fibers
What is the term for the volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle of the heart in each contraction?
- A) Heart rate
- B) Stroke volume
- C) Cardiac output
- D) Blood pressure
Correct Answer: B) Stroke volume
The sound of the heart “lub-dub” is most closely associated with the closure of which heart valves?
- A) Atrioventricular (AV) valves
- B) Semilunar valves
- C) Pulmonary valve
- D) Aortic valve
Correct Answer: A) Atrioventricular (AV) valves
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for increasing heart rate and contractility in response to stress or excitement?
- A) Sympathetic nervous system
- B) Parasympathetic nervous system
- C) Central nervous system
- D) Somatic nervous system
Correct Answer: A) Sympathetic nervous system
What is the term for the highest pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and pumps blood into the circulation?
- A) Systolic pressure
- B) Diastolic pressure
- C) Mean arterial pressure
- D) Pulse pressure
Correct Answer: A) Systolic pressure
The “QRS complex” on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents which electrical event in the heart’s conduction system?
- A) Atrial depolarization
- B) Ventricular depolarization
- C) Atrial repolarization
- D) Ventricular repolarization
Correct Answer: B) Ventricular depolarization
Which of the following conditions is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues, often causing swelling in the legs and ankles?
- A) Atherosclerosis
- B) Congestive heart failure
- C) Myocardial infarction
- D) Hypertension
Correct Answer: B) Congestive heart failure
The carotid arteries supply blood to which major organ in the human body?
- A) Brain
- B) Liver
- C) Kidneys
- D) Lungs
Correct Answer: A) Brain
What is the primary function of veins in the circulatory system?
- A) To carry oxygenated blood to body tissues
- B) To carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart
- C) To exchange nutrients with body cells
- D) To transport carbon dioxide to the lungs
Correct Answer: B) To carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart
What is the name of the medical test that measures the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time and is commonly used to diagnose heart rhythm abnormalities?
- A) MRI scan
- B) CT scan
- C) Electroencephalogram (EEG)
- D) Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
Correct Answer: D) Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, is often caused by the blockage of which blood vessels that supply the heart muscle?
- A) Coronary arteries
- B) Carotid arteries
- C) Pulmonary arteries
- D) Renal arteries
Correct Answer: A) Coronary arteries
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases?
- A) Smoking
- B) High cholesterol levels
- C) Regular exercise
- D) Hypertension
Correct Answer: C) Regular exercise
The “dub” sound of the heartbeat corresponds to the closure of which heart valves?
- A) Atrioventricular (AV) valves
- B) Semilunar valves
- C) Pulmonary valve
- D) Aortic valve
Correct Answer: B) Semilunar valves
Which of the following statements about the coronary arteries is true?
- A) They carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart.
- B) They supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.
- C) They are responsible for carrying blood to the lungs.
- D) They are located in the brain.
Correct Answer: B) They supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.
What is the term for the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats?
- A) Systolic pressure
- B) Diastolic pressure
- C) Mean arterial pressure
- D) Pulse pressure
Correct Answer: B) Diastolic pressure
The “lub-dub” sound of the heart is produced by the:
- A) Closing of the aortic valve.
- B) Opening of the pulmonary valve.
- C) Closing of the atrioventricular (AV) valves.
- D) Opening of the coronary arteries.
Correct Answer: C) Closing of the atrioventricular (AV) valves.
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, except for the lungs?
- A) Pulmonary artery
- B) Pulmonary vein
- C) Aorta
- D) Inferior vena cava
Correct Answer: C) Aorta
The “T wave” on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents which electrical event in the heart’s conduction system?
- A) Atrial depolarization
- B) Ventricular depolarization
- C) Atrial repolarization
- D) Ventricular repolarization
Correct Answer: D) Ventricular repolarization
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a rapid, irregular heartbeat that can lead to blood clots, stroke, or heart failure?
- A) Atherosclerosis
- B) Arrhythmia
- C) Congestive heart failure
- D) Hypertension
Correct Answer: B) Arrhythmia
The “Q wave” on an electrocardiogram (ECG) indicates:
- A) The beginning of atrial depolarization.
- B) The beginning of ventricular depolarization.
- C) The repolarization of the atria.
- D) The repolarization of the ventricles.
Correct Answer: B) The beginning of ventricular depolarization.
Which of the following is a common symptom of a heart attack?
- A) Rapid increase in blood pressure
- B) Severe headache
- C) Chest pain or discomfort
- D) Increased sense of taste
Correct Answer: C) Chest pain or discomfort
Which blood vessels are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from body tissues back to the heart?
- A) Arteries
- B) Veins
- C) Capillaries
- D) Venules
Correct Answer: B) Veins
What is the name of the large, main vein that returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body?
- A) Pulmonary vein
- B) Superior vena cava
- C) Inferior vena cava
- D) Aorta
Correct Answer: B) Superior vena cava
What is the role of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart’s conduction system?
- A) To initiate the heartbeat
- B) To transmit electrical signals to the ventricles
- C) To contract the atria
- D) To carry blood to the lungs
Correct Answer: B) To transmit electrical signals to the ventricles
What is the term for the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction?
- A) Heart rate
- B) Stroke volume
- C) Cardiac output
- D) Blood pressure
Correct Answer: B) Stroke volume
- A blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg represents:
- A) Systolic pressure/diastolic pressure
- B) Diastolic pressure/systolic pressure
- C) Pulse rate/heart rate
- D) Systolic pressure/pulse pressure
Correct Answer: A) Systolic pressure/diastolic pressure
What is the primary function of the semilunar valves in the heart?
- A) To prevent the backflow of blood into the atria
- B) To control the opening and closing of the atrioventricular (AV) valves
- C) To regulate the blood pressure in the aorta
- D) To prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles
Correct Answer: D) To prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles
A condition known as “atherosclerosis” is primarily characterized by:
- A) The accumulation of excess oxygen in the blood.
- B) The hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup.
- C) The loss of blood pressure.
- D) The presence of too many red blood cells.
Correct Answer: B) The hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup.
What is the term for the period of relaxation and filling of the heart chambers when blood returns to the atria?
- A) Systole
- B) Diastole
- C) Conduction
- D) Fibrillation
Correct Answer: B) Diastole
The “lub-dub” sound of the heart is most pronounced when listening to which area of the chest with a stethoscope?
- A) Right atrium
- B) Left atrium
- C) Right ventricle
- D) Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D) Left ventricle
What is the term for a medical condition characterized by the inflammation and narrowing of the coronary arteries, leading to decreased blood flow to the heart muscle?
- A) Myocardial infarction
- B) Aortic dissection
- C) Angina pectoris
- D) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Correct Answer: D) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Which of the following components of blood is primarily responsible for carrying oxygen to body tissues?
- A) Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
- B) White blood cells (leukocytes)
- C) Platelets (thrombocytes)
- D) Plasma
Correct Answer: A) Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
The “P wave” on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents which electrical event in the heart’s conduction system?
- A) Atrial depolarization
- B) Ventricular depolarization
- C) Atrial repolarization
- D) Ventricular repolarization
Correct Answer: A) Atrial depolarization
Which of the following conditions is often described as “high blood pressure” and can lead to an increased risk of heart disease and stroke?
- A) Hypotension
- B) Arrhythmia
- C) Hypertension
- D) Bradycardia
Correct Answer: C) Hypertension
What is the function of the atrioventricular (AV) valves in the heart?
- A) To prevent the backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction
- B) To regulate the opening and closing of the aortic valve
- C) To carry oxygenated blood to the lungs
- D) To initiate the heartbeat
Correct Answer: A) To prevent the backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction
What is the name of the specialized group of cells in the heart that initiates electrical impulses and sets the heart’s rhythm?
- A) Sinoatrial (SA) node
- B) Atrioventricular (AV) node
- C) Bundle of His
- D) Purkinje fibers
Correct Answer: A) Sinoatrial (SA) node
Atherosclerosis often leads to the formation of plaques in the arteries. What are these plaques primarily composed of?
- A) Cholesterol, fatty deposits, and cellular waste
- B) Platelets and red blood cells
- C) Calcium deposits
- D) Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Correct Answer: A) Cholesterol, fatty deposits, and cellular waste
Which of the following structures separates the right and left sides of the heart, preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
- A) Aorta
- B) Superior vena cava
- C) Septum
- D) Tricuspid valve
Correct Answer: C) Septum
A heart condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle is known as:
- A) Atherosclerosis
- B) Myocardial infarction
- C) Angina pectoris
- D) Arrhythmia
Correct Answer: C) Angina pectoris
Which component of the blood plays a crucial role in clotting to prevent excessive bleeding when blood vessels are damaged?
- A) Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
- B) White blood cells (leukocytes)
- C) Platelets (thrombocytes)
- D) Plasma
Correct Answer: C) Platelets (thrombocytes)
In the circulatory system, what is the function of the venules?
- A) To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
- B) To transport blood away from the heart to the body’s tissues
- C) To exchange nutrients and gases with body cells
- D) To carry deoxygenated blood from body tissues back to the heart
Correct Answer: D) To carry deoxygenated blood from body tissues back to the heart
Which of the following factors can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis?
- A) Regular exercise
- B) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
- C) High levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
- D) Decreased salt intake
Correct Answer: B) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
The “Q-T interval” on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents:
- A) The time it takes for the atria to depolarize and repolarize.
- B) The time it takes for the ventricles to depolarize and repolarize.
- C) The time it takes for the aortic valve to open and close.
- D) The time it takes for the atrioventricular (AV) node to transmit signals.
Correct Answer: B) The time it takes for the ventricles to depolarize and repolarize.
More MCQs
Semester- 1
- Human Anatomy & Physiology
- Unit-1
- Unit-2
- Unit-3
- Unit-4
- Unit-5