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Mechanism of Action of Typical Antipsychotics (First-Generation)

June 3, 2025 by Harsh Singh Rajput
Typical antipsychotics MOA – D2 receptor antagonism in mesolimbic pathway

Introduction Typical antipsychotics, also known as first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs), are primarily used to treat schizophrenia, acute psychosis, and … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Benzodiazepines

June 3, 2025 by Harsh Singh Rajput
Benzodiazepines mechanism – GABA-A receptor binding and CNS depression

Introduction Benzodiazepines are a class of psychoactive drugs widely used for their anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and muscle … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

May 31, 2025 by Harsh Singh Rajput
TCA mechanism – serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition with receptor blockade

Introduction Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are one of the oldest classes of antidepressant medications. Although largely replaced by SSRIs … Read more

Mechanism of Action of SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)

May 31, 2025 by Harsh Singh Rajput
SSRIs mechanism – serotonin reuptake inhibition in synaptic cleft

Mechanism of Action of SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) Introduction Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are first-line antidepressants … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

May 31, 2025 by Harsh Singh Rajput
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors mechanism – delayed carbohydrate digestion at intestinal brush border

Introduction Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are oral antidiabetic agents that reduce postprandial hyperglycemia by delaying carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption … Read more

Mechanism of Action of SGLT2 Inhibitors

May 31, 2025 by Harsh Singh Rajput
SGLT2 inhibitors mechanism – increased glucose excretion via renal tubules

Introduction SGLT2 Inhibitors, or sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, are a newer class of oral antidiabetic drugs that reduce … Read more

Mechanism of Action of DPP-4 Inhibitors

May 31, 2025 by Harsh Singh Rajput
DPP-4 inhibitors mechanism – incretin hormone enhancement via enzyme blockade

Introduction Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors, commonly referred to as gliptins, are oral antidiabetic drugs that enhance the action … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Thiazolidinediones

May 31, 2025 by Harsh Singh Rajput
TZD mechanism – PPAR gamma activation and insulin sensitivity improvement

Introduction Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), also known as glitazones, are oral antidiabetic drugs used to improve insulin sensitivity in patients … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Meglitinides

May 31, 2025 by Harsh Singh Rajput
Meglitinides mechanism – insulin secretion by SUR1-mediated KATP channel blockade

Introduction Meglitinides, also known as glinides, are short-acting insulin secretagogues used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes … Read more

Mechanism of Action of Sulfonylureas

May 31, 2025 by Harsh Singh Rajput
Sulfonylureas mechanism – insulin secretion via KATP channel inhibition

Introduction Sulfonylureas are one of the oldest and most widely used classes of oral antidiabetic agents. They are … Read more

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