Neonatal & Pediatric Emergencies MCQ Quiz | Pediatric Surgery

1. A 3-week-old male infant presents with non-bilious projectile vomiting after feeds for the past 3 days. On examination, a small, firm, olive-shaped mass is palpable in the epigastrium. What is the most likely diagnosis?

2. The classic radiological finding for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) on an abdominal X-ray is:

3. A newborn presents with bilious vomiting within the first 24 hours of life. An upper GI series reveals a “corkscrew” appearance of the duodenum. What is the definitive management?

4. An 8-month-old infant presents with episodes of inconsolable crying, drawing up his legs, and has passed a “currant jelly” stool. The investigation of choice for both diagnosis and initial therapy is:

5. A newborn is born with a scaphoid abdomen, respiratory distress, and bowel sounds heard over the left chest. What is the most critical initial step in management?

6. Which of the following statements correctly differentiates gastroschisis from omphalocele?

7. A newborn fails to pass meconium in the first 48 hours of life and develops abdominal distension. A rectal biopsy is performed to confirm the diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease. The biopsy must show:

8. A 14-year-old boy presents to the ER with sudden onset of severe left scrotal pain, nausea, and vomiting. On examination, the left testis is high-riding and exquisitely tender, and the cremasteric reflex is absent. What is the most appropriate next step?

9. The “double bubble” sign on a neonatal abdominal X-ray is pathognomonic for:

10. Meconium ileus, a common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction, is strongly associated with which genetic condition?

11. A newborn presents with excessive drooling, choking, and cyanosis with the first feed. An attempt to pass a nasogastric tube meets resistance. What is the most likely diagnosis?

12. The VACTERL association includes vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb abnormalities. This is frequently seen in patients with:

13. A 2-month-old infant presents with a groin swelling that is firm, tender, and cannot be reduced. The infant has also started vomiting. This clinical picture is most consistent with:

14. The most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male infants is:

15. A 2-week-old infant is brought in with persistent jaundice, pale (acholic) stools, and dark urine. The direct bilirubin is elevated. This is highly suggestive of:

16. The initial management of a stable preterm infant diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) Stage I or II primarily involves:

17. A 2-year-old child aspirates a peanut. The classic triad of symptoms for foreign body aspiration includes:

18. What is the most common organ injured in children following blunt abdominal trauma?

19. The Kasai procedure (hepatoportoenterostomy) is the surgical treatment for which neonatal emergency?

20. In a child with suspected appendicitis, which finding is most suggestive of perforation?

21. A newborn is diagnosed with a large sacrococcygeal teratoma. The most immediate life-threatening risk associated with this condition is:

22. Which imaging modality is considered the gold standard for diagnosing intussusception in children?

23. The classic metabolic abnormality associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is:

24. What is the most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

25. An absolute contraindication for non-operative reduction (air/contrast enema) of intussusception is: