We have provided 45 MCQs on Major extra and intracellular electrolytes, Unit-3, 1st semester, PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY,B. Pharm.
We have covered following topics.
Major extra and intracellular electrolytes: Functions of major physiological ions, Electrolytes used in the replacement therapy: Sodium chloride*, Potassium chloride, Calcium gluconate* and Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS), Physiological acid base balance
Table of Contents
MCQ on Major Extra and Intracellular Electrolytes
Question 1: Which of the following is a major extracellular electrolyte?
- (A) Sodium
- (B) Potassium
- (C) Magnesium
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 2: Which of the following is a major intracellular electrolyte?
- (A) Sodium
- (B) Potassium
- (C) Magnesium
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (B) Potassium
Question 3: Which of the following is a function of sodium?
- (A) Regulating fluid balance
- (B) Maintaining nerve and muscle function
- (C) Transporting nutrients and hormones
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 4: Which of the following is a function of potassium?
- (A) Regulating fluid balance
- (B) Maintaining nerve and muscle function
- (C) Transporting nutrients and hormones
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 5: Which of the following is a function of calcium?
- (A) Building and maintaining bones and teeth
- (B) Regulating muscle contraction
- (C) Blood clotting
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 6: Which of the following is a function of magnesium?
- (A) Activating enzymes
- (B) Regulating blood pressure
- (C) Maintaining nerve and muscle function
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 7: Which of the following is an electrolyte used in replacement therapy for hyponatremia?
- (A) Sodium chloride
- (B) Potassium chloride
- (C) Calcium gluconate
- (D) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)
Answer: (A) Sodium chloride
Question 8: Which of the following is an electrolyte used in replacement therapy for hypokalemia?
- (A) Sodium chloride
- (B) Potassium chloride
- (C) Calcium gluconate
- (D) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)
Answer: (B) Potassium chloride
Question 9: Which of the following is an electrolyte used in replacement therapy for hypocalcemia?
- (A) Sodium chloride
- (B) Potassium chloride
- (C) Calcium gluconate
- (D) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)
Answer: (C) Calcium gluconate
Question 10: Which of the following is an electrolyte used in replacement therapy for dehydration?
- (A) Sodium chloride
- (B) Potassium chloride
- (C) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 11: What is the normal pH of human blood?
- (A) 7.35
- (B) 7.40
- (C) 7.45
- (D) 7.50
Answer: (B) 7.40
Question 12: Which of the following is an acid-base buffer in the blood?
- (A) Bicarbonate
- (B) Phosphate
- (C) Proteins
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 13: What is the role of the lungs in regulating acid-base balance?
- (A) The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood, which is an acid.
- (B) The lungs add oxygen to the blood, which is a base.
- (C) Both (A) and (B)
- (D) None of the above
Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B)
Question 14: What is the role of the kidneys in regulating acid-base balance?
- (A) The kidneys excrete acids and bases in the urine.
- (B) The kidneys reabsorb acids and bases from the urine.
- (C) Both (A) and (B)
- (D) None of the above
Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B)
Question 15: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of metabolic acidosis?
- (A) Rapid breathing
- (B) Headache
- (C) Fatigue
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 16: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of metabolic alkalosis?
- (A) Slow breathing
- (B) Muscle cramps
- (C) Nausea and vomiting
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 17: Which of the following is a respiratory acidosis?
- (A) Caused by lung disease such as asthma or pneumonia
- (B) Characterized by high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
- (C) May cause symptoms such as rapid breathing and headache
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 18: Which of the following is a respiratory alkalosis?
- (A) Caused by hyperventilation
- (B) Characterized by low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
- (C) May cause symptoms such as dizziness and lightheadedness
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 19: Which of the following is a treatment for metabolic acidosis?
- (A) Sodium bicarbonate
- (B) Potassium chloride
- (C) Calcium gluconate
- (D) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)
Answer: (A) Sodium bicarbonate
Question 20: Which of the following is a treatment for metabolic alkalosis?
- (A) Ammonium chloride
- (B) Potassium chloride
- (C) Calcium gluconate
- (D) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)
Answer: (A) Ammonium chloride
Question 21: Which of the following is a treatment for respiratory acidosis?
- (A) Oxygen therapy
- (B) Mechanical ventilation
- (C) Bronchodilators
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 22: Which of the following is a treatment for respiratory alkalosis?
- (A) Paper bag breathing
- (B) Sedatives
- (C) Anxiolytics
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (A) and (C)
Question 23: Which of the following is a major risk factor for electrolyte imbalances?
- (A) Dehydration
- (B) Vomiting
- (C) Diarrhea
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 24: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of electrolyte imbalance?
- (A) Muscle cramps
- (B) Fatigue
- (C) Nausea and vomiting
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 25: Electrolyte imbalances can be treated with oral or intravenous fluids, depending on the severity of the imbalance. Which of the following is an example of an oral electrolyte replacement solution?
- (A) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)
- (B) Potassium chloride
- (C) Calcium gluconate
- (D) Intravenous normal saline
Answer: (A) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)
Question 26: Which of the following is an example of an intravenous electrolyte replacement solution?
- (A) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)
- (B) Potassium chloride
- (C) Calcium gluconate
- (D) Intravenous normal saline
Answer: (D) Intravenous normal saline
Question 27: Which of the following is a major electrolyte imbalance that can occur in people with diarrhea?
- (A) Hyponatremia
- (B) Hypokalemia
- (C) Hypercalcemia
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 28: Which of the following is a major electrolyte imbalance that can occur in people with vomiting?
- (A) Hyponatremia
- (B) Hypokalemia
- (C) Hypercalcemia
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 29: Which of the following is a major electrolyte imbalance that can occur in people with kidney disease?
- (A) Hyperkalemia
- (B) Hypercalcemia
- (C) Hypomagnesemia
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 30: Which of the following is a major electrolyte imbalance that can occur in people with heart disease?
- (A) Hypokalemia
- (B) Hypomagnesemia
- (C) Hypercalcemia
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 31: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hypernatremia?
- (A) Confusion
- (B) Seizures
- (C) Coma
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 32: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hypokalemia?
- (A) Muscle cramps
- (B) Cardiac arrhythmias
- (C) Weakness and fatigue
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 33: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hypercalcemia?
- (A) Nausea and vomiting
- (B) Constipation
- (C) Kidney stones
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 34: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hypomagnesemia?
- (A) Muscle cramps
- (B) Seizures
- (C) Tetany
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 35: Which of the following is a treatment for hyponatremia?
- (A) Intravenous normal saline
- (B) Intravenous dextrose in water
- (C) Fluid restriction
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (A) Intravenous normal saline
Question 36: Which of the following is a treatment for hypokalemia?
- (A) Intravenous potassium chloride
- (B) Oral potassium chloride
- (C) Both (A) and (B)
- (D) None of the above
Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B)
Question 37: Which of the following is a treatment for hypernatremia?
- (A) Fluid restriction
- (B) Intravenous dextrose in water
- (C) Both (A) and (B)
- (D) None of the above
Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B)
Question 38: Which of the following is a treatment for hypercalcemia?
- (A) Intravenous fluids
- (B) Loop diuretics
- (C) Calcitonin
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 39: Which of the following is a treatment for hypomagnesemia?
- (A) Intravenous magnesium sulfate
- (B) Oral magnesium supplements
- (C) Both (A) and (B)
- (D) None of the above
Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B)
Question 40: It is important to maintain electrolyte balance to maintain normal cell function, muscle function, and nerve function.
- (A) True
- (B) False
Answer: (A) True
Question 41: Which of the following is a major risk factor for electrolyte imbalances in older adults?
- (A) Multiple medications use
- (B) Kidney disease
- (C) Dehydration
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 42: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of electrolyte imbalance in infants and children?
- (A) Irritability
- (B) Poor feeding
- (C) Lethargy
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 43: Which of the following is a treatment for electrolyte imbalance in athletes?
- (A) Sports drinks
- (B) Intravenous fluids
- (C) Both (A) and (B)
- (D) None of the above
Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B)
Question 44: Which of the following is a preventive measure for electrolyte imbalances?
- (A) Staying hydrated
- (B) Eating a healthy diet
- (C) Avoiding excessive exercise
- (D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Question 45: Electrolyte imbalances can be serious and even life-threatening if not treated promptly. If you are experiencing any signs or symptoms of electrolyte imbalance, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.
- (A) True
- (B) False
Answer: (A) True
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