Cyanotic CHD – Tetralogy of Fallot & Cyanotic Spells MCQ Quiz | Cardiovascular

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the four classic anatomical components of Tetralogy of Fallot?

2. The degree of cyanosis in a patient with Tetralogy of Fallot is primarily determined by the severity of:

3. The classic “boot-shaped heart” (coeur en sabot) seen on a chest X-ray in Tetralogy of Fallot is caused by:

4. A cyanotic spell or “tet spell” is primarily caused by a sudden increase in:

5. What is the immediate first-line management for an infant experiencing a cyanotic spell?

6. The systolic ejection murmur heard in Tetralogy of Fallot originates from blood flow across the:

7. During a cyanotic spell, what change is typically observed on auscultation?

8. Propranolol is used for the long-term medical management of TOF patients to prevent cyanotic spells. What is its primary mechanism of action in this context?

9. The characteristic posture adopted by older children with uncorrected TOF to relieve dyspnea is:

10. How does squatting provide relief during a cyanotic spell?

11. Which investigation is considered the gold standard for definitive diagnosis and detailed anatomical assessment of Tetralogy of Fallot?

12. A common ECG finding in a patient with Tetralogy of Fallot is:

13. Which of the following is a recognized complication of long-standing cyanosis and polycythemia in uncorrected TOF?

14. The Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt is a palliative surgical procedure that connects the:

15. What is the primary goal of a complete surgical repair for Tetralogy of Fallot?

16. “Pink Tetralogy” or acyanotic Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by:

17. Which genetic syndrome has the strongest association with Tetralogy of Fallot?

18. In the pharmacological management of a severe tet spell, what is the role of phenylephrine?

19. Morphine is sometimes used in managing a tet spell. Its beneficial effects include sedation and potentially:

20. Which hemodynamic change is a common precipitating factor for a cyanotic spell?

21. The most common associated cardiac anomaly found with Tetralogy of Fallot is:

22. On auscultation of a patient with classic TOF, the second heart sound (S2) is typically described as:

23. Which of the following lab findings is expected in a school-aged child with uncorrected Tetralogy of Fallot?

24. A significant long-term complication following complete surgical repair of TOF, often requiring re-operation, is:

25. In managing a tet spell, sodium bicarbonate may be administered to correct: