Mechanism of Action of Adalimumab (Humira)
Introduction Adalimumab is a fully human monoclonal IgG1 antibody that specifically targets tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α). By neutralizing … Read more
Psoriatic Arthritis
Mechanism of Action of Etanercept (Enbrel)
Introduction Etanercept is a biologic fusion protein that functions as a soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor. By … Read more
Mechanism of Action of Tofacitinib (Xeljanz)
Introduction Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, primarily targeting JAK1 and JAK3. It blocks intracellular signaling … Read more
Mechanism of Action of Apremilast (Otezla)
Introduction Apremilast (Otezla) is an oral phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor approved for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Behçet’s disease‑associated oral … Read more
Mechanism of Action of Stelara (Ustekinumab)
Introduction Stelara (ustekinumab) is a fully human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody designed to target key cytokines involved in immune-mediated … Read more