Polyphenolics as nutraceuticals – Resveratrol MCQs With Answer

Polyphenolics as nutraceuticals – Resveratrol MCQs With Answer
Polyphenolics like resveratrol are plant-derived nutraceuticals with significant pharmacological importance for B. Pharm students. This introduction covers resveratrol’s chemistry (a stilbene polyphenol), dietary sources (grapes, berries, red wine), molecular mechanisms (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, SIRT1 and AMPK modulation), pharmacokinetics (poor bioavailability, glucuronidation, sulfation), therapeutic potential (cardio‑protective, anti-cancer, neuroprotective), safety profile, drug interactions (CYP enzymes, anticoagulants) and formulation strategies to improve delivery (nanoparticles, liposomes, prodrugs). Understanding these concepts links basic pharmaceutics, pharmacology, and clinical implications. Now let’s test your knowledge with 30 MCQs on this topic.

Q1. Which chemical class does resveratrol belong to?

• Flavonoid glycoside
• Stilbene polyphenol
• Alkaloid
• Triterpenoid

Correct Answer: Stilbene polyphenol

Q2. The primary dietary sources of resveratrol include:

• Milk and dairy products
• Citrus fruits and bananas
• Grapes, red wine, and berries
• Leafy vegetables like spinach

Correct Answer: Grapes, red wine, and berries

Q3. Which is the biologically active isomer of resveratrol most studied?

• cis-resveratrol
• trans-resveratrol
• iso-resveratrol
• allo-resveratrol

Correct Answer: trans-resveratrol

Q4. Major phase II metabolic reactions for resveratrol in humans are:

• Oxidation and deamination
• Glucuronidation and sulfation
• Hydroxylation and methylation
• Decarboxylation and acetylation

Correct Answer: Glucuronidation and sulfation

Q5. The principal reason for resveratrol’s low oral bioavailability is:

• Poor aqueous solubility only
• Extensive first‑pass metabolism
• High renal clearance in unchanged form
• Rapid chemical polymerization in stomach

Correct Answer: Extensive first‑pass metabolism

Q6. Resveratrol exerts cardioprotective effects partly via activation of which protein deacetylase?

• Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
• Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)
• mTOR
• NF-κB

Correct Answer: Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)

Q7. Which signaling kinase is commonly activated by resveratrol to influence cellular energy status?

• Protein kinase A (PKA)
• Akt/PKB
• AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)
• MAPK/ERK

Correct Answer: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)

Q8. An important antioxidant assay used to evaluate resveratrol activity is:

• DPPH radical scavenging assay
• Gram staining
• ELISA for cytokines only
• Patch clamp electrophysiology

Correct Answer: DPPH radical scavenging assay

Q9. Formulation strategies to improve resveratrol bioavailability include:

• Enteric-coated tablets only
• Nanoparticles, liposomes, and solid dispersions
• Compressed uncoated tablets with high excipient load
• Immediate release powders without enhancers

Correct Answer: Nanoparticles, liposomes, and solid dispersions

Q10. Which metabolite form is typically measured in plasma when assessing resveratrol exposure?

• Unconjugated resveratrol only
• Resveratrol glucuronides and sulfates
• Resveratrol aldehyde derivatives
• Resveratrol phosphate esters

Correct Answer: Resveratrol glucuronides and sulfates

Q11. Resveratrol’s anti-inflammatory effects are mediated by inhibition of which transcription factor?

• P53
• NF-κB
• HIF-1α
• Sp1

Correct Answer: NF-κB

Q12. A potential pharmacokinetic interaction of resveratrol is inhibition of which cytochrome P450 enzyme?

• CYP3A4
• CYP2E1
• CYP1A2
• CYP2D6

Correct Answer: CYP3A4

Q13. Which synthetic natural analogue of resveratrol has improved lipophilicity and bioavailability?

• Pterostilbene
• Quercetin
• Curcumin
• Genistein

Correct Answer: Pterostilbene

Q14. Resveratrol’s anti-cancer actions include all EXCEPT:

• Induction of apoptosis
• Inhibition of angiogenesis
• Activation of oncogenic Ras signaling
• Cell cycle arrest

Correct Answer: Activation of oncogenic Ras signaling

Q15. Which analytical method is commonly used to quantify resveratrol and its metabolites?

• Gas chromatography without derivatization
• HPLC with UV or mass spectrometric detection
• Thermogravimetric analysis
• Polarimetry

Correct Answer: HPLC with UV or mass spectrometric detection

Q16. Enterohepatic recirculation of resveratrol conjugates would most likely cause:

• Reduced plasma half‑life
• Prolonged systemic exposure and secondary peaks
• Immediate elimination via lungs
• Complete protection from metabolism

Correct Answer: Prolonged systemic exposure and secondary peaks

Q17. Co-administration of piperine with resveratrol is intended to:

• Reduce absorption by complexation
• Enhance bioavailability by inhibiting glucuronidation
• Promote renal excretion
• Convert resveratrol into inactive metabolites

Correct Answer: Enhance bioavailability by inhibiting glucuronidation

Q18. The common adverse effects reported with high-dose resveratrol supplementation include:

• Severe nephrotoxicity and anuria
• Gastrointestinal disturbances and headache
• Profound hypertension and stroke
• Immediate anaphylaxis in all users

Correct Answer: Gastrointestinal disturbances and headache

Q19. For a B. Pharm student, the main learning importance of studying resveratrol is:

• Understanding herbal cultivation techniques
• Integrating pharmacokinetics, mechanisms, and formulation of nutraceuticals
• Learning surgical implantation methods
• Mastering radiolabeling of proteins

Correct Answer: Integrating pharmacokinetics, mechanisms, and formulation of nutraceuticals

Q20. Which cellular organelle is a primary site for resveratrol’s modulation of reactive oxygen species?

• Lysosome
• Mitochondrion
• Golgi apparatus
• Peroxisome only

Correct Answer: Mitochondrion

Q21. Resveratrol’s ability to inhibit platelet aggregation contributes to:

• Enhanced clot formation
• Cardiovascular protection by reducing thrombosis
• Increased risk of myocardial infarction
• Direct stimulation of platelet production

Correct Answer: Cardiovascular protection by reducing thrombosis

Q22. In designing a controlled‑release oral delivery for resveratrol, a key challenge is:

• Enhancing enteric microbial degradation
• Controlling rapid phase II metabolism after absorption
• Suppressing any dissolution to zero
• Eliminating lipid solubility entirely

Correct Answer: Controlling rapid phase II metabolism after absorption

Q23. Which molecular property of resveratrol most influences its membrane permeability?

• High molecular weight >1000 Da
• Moderate lipophilicity and low polar surface area
• Permanent positive charge at physiological pH
• Extensive glycosylation in native form

Correct Answer: Moderate lipophilicity and low polar surface area

Q24. Resveratrol’s neuroprotective effects have been associated with modulation of:

• Acetylcholinesterase exclusively
• Sirtuins, antioxidant defenses, and anti-inflammatory pathways
• Bone morphogenetic proteins only
• Sodium channel blockade as primary mechanism

Correct Answer: Sirtuins, antioxidant defenses, and anti-inflammatory pathways

Q25. Which population should use caution or avoid high-dose resveratrol supplementation?

• Healthy adults with no medications
• Individuals on anticoagulant therapy
• Those with controlled hyperthyroidism only
• People with lactose intolerance

Correct Answer: Individuals on anticoagulant therapy

Q26. In stability studies, resveratrol is particularly sensitive to:

• Thermal oxidation and light-induced isomerization
• Extremely acidic pH only
• Inert nitrogen atmosphere
• Long-term storage at −80°C

Correct Answer: Thermal oxidation and light-induced isomerization

Q27. Which pharmacodynamic endpoint would be appropriate in a clinical trial for resveratrol cardiovascular effects?

• Change in LDL oxidation and endothelial function
• Immediate rise in serum creatinine
• Measurement of hair growth rate
• Instantaneous blood glucose drop within minutes

Correct Answer: Change in LDL oxidation and endothelial function

Q28. Resveratrol’s interaction with drug transporters may involve modulation of:

• P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux activity
• Voltage-gated calcium channels only
• Neurotransmitter vesicle release exclusively
• Bone mineral transporters

Correct Answer: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux activity

Q29. Which dose‑response characteristic is commonly observed for resveratrol in preclinical models?

• Linear increase in efficacy with no toxicity at any dose
• U‑shaped or biphasic dose-response where low doses may be beneficial
• Immediate lethal effect at microgram doses
• No biological activity at any concentration

Correct Answer: U‑shaped or biphasic dose-response where low doses may be beneficial

Q30. A prodrug approach for resveratrol would primarily aim to:

• Increase water insolubility further
• Enhance metabolic stability and oral bioavailability
• Ensure complete inactivation before absorption
• Make the molecule larger than 2000 Da

Correct Answer: Enhance metabolic stability and oral bioavailability

G S Sachin

I am a Registered Pharmacist under the Pharmacy Act, 1948, and the founder of PharmacyFreak.com. I hold a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree from Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research. With a strong academic foundation and practical knowledge, I am committed to providing accurate, easy-to-understand content to support pharmacy students and professionals. My aim is to make complex pharmaceutical concepts accessible and useful for real-world application.

Mail- Sachin@pharmacyfreak.com