Classification and structure of tissues MCQs With Answer

Classification and structure of tissues MCQs With Answer

Understanding the classification and structure of tissues is essential for B. Pharm students who must connect microscopic anatomy with pharmacology and drug delivery. This concise, focused guide covers tissue types—epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous—along with extracellular matrix components, cell types, basement membrane, junctions, vascularity, regeneration and clinical correlations such as inflammation, fibrosis and tumor origin. Emphasis on histological features, staining methods (H&E, PAS), cartilage and bone structure, glandular secretion modes, and embryonic origins helps strengthen diagnostic reasoning and therapeutic implications. Use these targeted MCQs to reinforce identification, function and pathological changes relevant to pharmacy practice. Now let’s test your knowledge with 30 MCQs on this topic.

Q1. Which tissue type primarily forms protective barriers and is avascular, receiving nutrients by diffusion?

• Epithelial tissue
• Connective tissue
• Muscle tissue
• Nervous tissue

Correct Answer: Epithelial tissue

Q2. Simple squamous epithelium is best adapted for which primary function?

• Secretion of hormones
• Absorption and diffusion
• Contraction
• Protection against abrasion

Correct Answer: Absorption and diffusion

Q3. Which junction type provides strong adhesion between epithelial cells and resists mechanical stress?

• Tight junction (zonula occludens)
• Gap junction
• Desmosome (macula adherens)
• Hemi-desmosome

Correct Answer: Desmosome (macula adherens)

Q4. The basement membrane between epithelium and connective tissue includes which main layer visible by electron microscopy?

• Lamina propria
• Lamina lucida and lamina densa
• Stratum basale
• Perichondrium

Correct Answer: Lamina lucida and lamina densa

Q5. Which connective tissue cell is primarily responsible for collagen synthesis in healing and fibrosis?

• Chondrocyte
• Fibroblast
• Osteoblast
• Adipocyte

Correct Answer: Fibroblast

Q6. Which ECM component provides compressive resistance due to high hydration and is abundant in cartilage?

• Collagen type I
• Elastin
• Proteoglycans (e.g., aggrecan)
• Fibronectin

Correct Answer: Proteoglycans (e.g., aggrecan)

Q7. Hyaline cartilage is characterized by which feature?

• Highly organized parallel collagen bundles
• Ground substance rich in type II collagen and proteoglycans
• Extensive blood vessel networks
• Mature osteons

Correct Answer: Ground substance rich in type II collagen and proteoglycans

Q8. Which type of bone has trabeculae and is typically found in the epiphyses of long bones?

• Compact bone
• Woven bone
• Spongy (cancellous) bone
• Subchondral bone plate

Correct Answer: Spongy (cancellous) bone

Q9. Which muscle tissue shows intercalated discs and branching fibers?

• Skeletal muscle
• Cardiac muscle
• Smooth muscle
• Myoepithelial tissue

Correct Answer: Cardiac muscle

Q10. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells is typical of which location?

• Small intestine lining
• Skin epidermis
• Respiratory tract (trachea and bronchi)
• Urinary bladder

Correct Answer: Respiratory tract (trachea and bronchi)

Q11. Which staining method is best for demonstrating glycogen and mucosubstances in tissues?

• Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)
• Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)
• Masson’s trichrome
• Silver stain

Correct Answer: Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)

Q12. Which collagen type predominates in tendons and ligaments and provides tensile strength?

• Type II collagen
• Type IV collagen
• Type I collagen
• Type VII collagen

Correct Answer: Type I collagen

Q13. Adipose tissue functions include all EXCEPT:

• Energy storage
• Insulation and cushioning
• Rapid electrical conduction between cells
• Endocrine secretion (leptin)

Correct Answer: Rapid electrical conduction between cells

Q14. Which gland type releases its product into the bloodstream without ducts?

• Apocrine gland
• Endocrine gland
• Exocrine gland
• Holocrine gland

Correct Answer: Endocrine gland

Q15. Merocrine secretion is characterized by which mechanism?

• Whole cell disintegration releases product
• Apical cytoplasm buds off with product
• Exocytosis of secretory vesicles from the cell surface
• Protein synthesis in extracellular matrix

Correct Answer: Exocytosis of secretory vesicles from the cell surface

Q16. Transitional epithelium (urothelium) is specialized to tolerate which physiological change?

• Stretching during bladder filling
• High shear stress from airflow
• Acidic gastric secretions
• Transmission of nerve impulses

Correct Answer: Stretching during bladder filling

Q17. Which cell junction allows direct electrical and metabolic coupling between adjacent cells?

• Tight junction
• Gap junction
• Desmosome
• Focal adhesion

Correct Answer: Gap junction

Q18. Which connective tissue type contains densely packed collagen fibers arranged in parallel and resists unidirectional tensile stress?

• Loose areolar connective tissue
• Dense irregular connective tissue
• Dense regular connective tissue
• Reticular connective tissue

Correct Answer: Dense regular connective tissue

Q19. Which cell type is the principal resident cell of cartilage and maintains the cartilaginous matrix?

• Osteocyte
• Chondrocyte
• Fibroblast
• Macrophage

Correct Answer: Chondrocyte

Q20. What distinguishes compact bone histologically from spongy bone?

• Presence of osteons (Haversian systems) in compact bone
• Spongy bone has more osteons than compact bone
• Compact bone lacks mineralized matrix
• Spongy bone is avascular while compact bone is vascular

Correct Answer: Presence of osteons (Haversian systems) in compact bone

Q21. Which nervous tissue cell provides myelination in the peripheral nervous system?

• Oligodendrocyte
• Astrocyte
• Schwann cell
• Microglia

Correct Answer: Schwann cell

Q22. Which epithelium type would you expect in absorptive areas with microvilli and tight junctions to limit paracellular flow?

• Simple columnar epithelium
• Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
• Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
• Transitional epithelium

Correct Answer: Simple columnar epithelium

Q23. In wound healing, the initial cellular phase dominated by neutrophils and macrophages is called:

• Remodeling phase
• Resolution phase
• Inflammatory phase
• Fibrotic phase

Correct Answer: Inflammatory phase

Q24. A carcinoma arises from which tissue origin?

• Connective tissue
• Muscle tissue
• Epithelium
• Nervous tissue

Correct Answer: Epithelium

Q25. Which electron-dense filamentous protein provides elastic recoil in tissues such as arteries and lung?

• Collagen
• Elastin
• Keratin
• Actin

Correct Answer: Elastin

Q26. Which cell in bone is primarily responsible for bone resorption?

• Osteocyte
• Osteoblast
• Osteoclast
• Chondroblast

Correct Answer: Osteoclast

Q27. Which histological feature helps distinguish skeletal muscle from smooth muscle?

• Single central nucleus in each cell
• Striations and multinucleated fibres
• Presence of intercalated discs
• Spindle-shaped non-striated cells

Correct Answer: Striations and multinucleated fibres

Q28. Reticular connective tissue is rich in which fiber type supporting hematopoietic organs?

• Elastic fibers
• Type I collagen fibers
• Type III collagen (reticular) fibers
• Keratin fibers

Correct Answer: Type III collagen (reticular) fibers

Q29. Which feature is typical of malignant transformation in epithelial tissues?

• Increased cell differentiation and orderly architecture
• Cellular atypia, loss of polarity and invasive behaviour
• Decreased mitotic figures compared to normal tissue
• Restoration of normal basement membrane

Correct Answer: Cellular atypia, loss of polarity and invasive behaviour

Q30. Which method is most appropriate to preserve tissue morphology and prevent autolysis before histological processing?

• Freezing without fixation
• Fixation with formalin (formaldehyde)
• Embedding in paraffin without fixation
• Decalcification with strong acid before fixation

Correct Answer: Fixation with formalin (formaldehyde)

G S Sachin

I am a Registered Pharmacist under the Pharmacy Act, 1948, and the founder of PharmacyFreak.com. I hold a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree from Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research. With a strong academic foundation and practical knowledge, I am committed to providing accurate, easy-to-understand content to support pharmacy students and professionals. My aim is to make complex pharmaceutical concepts accessible and useful for real-world application.

Mail- Sachin@pharmacyfreak.com