Urolithiasis MCQ Quiz | Urology

Welcome to the Urolithiasis Quiz for MBBS students. This quiz is designed to test your understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of urinary stones. You will be presented with 25 multiple-choice questions covering key concepts in this important urological topic. After completing the quiz, click the ‘Submit’ button to see your score and review the answers. Correct answers will be highlighted in green, and incorrect selections in red. This immediate feedback will help reinforce your learning and identify areas for further study. For your convenience, you can also download all the questions along with their correct answers in a PDF format by clicking the download button after submitting your quiz. Good luck!

1. What is the most common chemical composition of renal calculi?

2. Which type of renal stone is typically radiolucent on a plain abdominal X-ray (KUB)?

3. Large, branching “Staghorn” calculi filling the renal pelvis and calyces are most commonly composed of:

4. What is considered the gold standard imaging modality for the diagnosis of acute renal colic and urolithiasis?

5. Cystine stones are associated with which underlying condition?

6. Medical Expulsive Therapy (MET) for distal ureteric stones most commonly involves the use of which class of drugs?

7. A persistently acidic urine (pH < 5.5) is a major risk factor for the formation of which type of stone?

8. Struvite (infection) stones are most frequently associated with urinary tract infections caused by which urea-splitting organism?

9. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is generally most effective for stones of moderate size located in the:

10. The characteristic pain of renal colic is best described as:

11. Which dietary modification is most important for the prevention of nearly all types of kidney stones?

12. A patient presents with acute renal colic. NCCT confirms a 7mm stone in the distal ureter with no signs of infection or severe hydronephrosis. What is the most appropriate initial management?

13. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the preferred treatment for:

14. What is the most common metabolic abnormality found in patients with calcium oxalate stones?

15. The microscopic finding of “coffin-lid” shaped crystals in urine sediment is characteristic of which stone type?

16. Allopurinol is used in the metabolic prevention of which type of renal stone?

17. The finding of hexagonal crystals in a urinalysis is pathognomonic for:

18. Flexible Ureteroscopy (URS) with laser lithotripsy is an excellent treatment option for:

19. Which of the following is a urinary inhibitor of stone formation, meaning low levels increase stone risk?

20. The severe pain associated with renal colic is primarily caused by:

21. What is the primary mechanism of action of tamsulosin in Medical Expulsive Therapy (MET)?

22. Which type of kidney stone can potentially be dissolved through medical management involving urinary alkalinization with potassium citrate?

23. A patient with a history of Crohn’s disease and small bowel resection is at an increased risk of forming which type of kidney stone due to enteric hyperoxaluria?

24. In a 24-hour urine collection for metabolic evaluation of a recurrent stone former, which of the following is an expected and crucial parameter to measure?

25. A positive urinary sodium nitroprusside test is a screening tool for which condition?