Structure of human heart MCQs With Answer is a concise, exam-focused collection tailored for B. Pharm students to master cardiac anatomy and related clinical correlations. This guide emphasizes key structural concepts—chambers, valves, septa, wall layers, conduction system, coronary circulation, and fetal remnants—presented as high-yield MCQs with explanations for rapid revision. Questions reinforce histological features, blood supply, electrical conduction, and functional anatomy relevant to pharmacology and cardiac therapeutics. Ideal for semester exams, competitive tests, and practical preparation, these items deepen understanding beyond superficial facts and link structure to physiology and pathology. Now let’s test your knowledge with 50 MCQs on this topic.
Q1. What mediastinal compartment houses the heart?
- Anterior mediastinum
- Middle mediastinum
- Posterior mediastinum
- Superior mediastinum
Correct Answer: Middle mediastinum
Q2. Which chamber primarily forms the apex of the heart?
- Right atrium
- Left atrium
- Right ventricle
- Left ventricle
Correct Answer: Left ventricle
Q3. The base of the heart is mainly formed by which structure?
- Right ventricle
- Left ventricle
- Left atrium
- Right atrium
Correct Answer: Left atrium
Q4. How many chambers are present in the adult human heart?
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
Correct Answer: 4
Q5. Which valves are classified as atrioventricular valves?
- Aortic and pulmonary valves
- Mitral and tricuspid valves
- Pulmonary and tricuspid valves
- Aortic and mitral valves
Correct Answer: Mitral and tricuspid valves
Q6. How many cusps does the tricuspid valve have?
- Two
- Three
- Four
- One
Correct Answer: Three
Q7. The mitral valve is composed of how many cusps?
- One
- Two
- Three
- Four
Correct Answer: Two
Q8. Which structures attach valve leaflets to papillary muscles?
- Chordae tendineae
- Trabeculae carneae
- Interventricular bands
- Annulus fibrosus
Correct Answer: Chordae tendineae
Q9. Papillary muscles are located in which cardiac chambers?
- Atria
- Ventricles
- Both atria and ventricles
- Interventricular septum only
Correct Answer: Ventricles
Q10. The interventricular septum consists of which two parts?
- Left and right parts
- Anterior and posterior parts
- Muscular and membranous parts
- Superior and inferior parts
Correct Answer: Muscular and membranous parts
Q11. Coronary arteries originate from which anatomical feature?
- Pulmonary sinuses
- Aortic sinuses
- Superior vena cava
- Atrial appendages
Correct Answer: Aortic sinuses
Q12. In most individuals, which artery supplies the atrioventricular (AV) node?
- Left anterior descending artery
- Left circumflex artery
- Right coronary artery
- Posterior descending artery from left side
Correct Answer: Right coronary artery
Q13. The left coronary artery typically divides into which major branches?
- Right marginal and posterior interventricular
- Anterior interventricular (LAD) and circumflex
- Posterior descending and diagonal
- Right coronary and circumflex
Correct Answer: Anterior interventricular (LAD) and circumflex
Q14. The anterior interventricular artery (LAD) mainly supplies which areas?
- Posterior wall of left ventricle
- Right atrium and right ventricle free wall
- Anterior wall of left ventricle and anterior 2/3 of IV septum
- Left atrial appendage only
Correct Answer: Anterior wall of left ventricle and anterior 2/3 of IV septum
Q15. Cardiac muscle is characterized by which histological features?
- Non-striated, spindle-shaped cells
- Striated, branched fibers with intercalated discs
- Smooth muscle fibers with gap junctions only
- Skeletal muscle fibers with multiple peripheral nuclei
Correct Answer: Striated, branched fibers with intercalated discs
Q16. The epicardium corresponds to which layer of the serous pericardium?
- Parietal layer
- Fibrous pericardium
- Visceral layer
- Pericardial cavity
Correct Answer: Visceral layer
Q17. Arrange the heart wall layers from inner to outer.
- Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
- Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
- Myocardium, endocardium, epicardium
- Endocardium, epicardium, myocardium
Correct Answer: Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
Q18. What does the pericardial cavity normally contain?
- Pulmonary surfactant
- Serous fluid
- Air
- Blood
Correct Answer: Serous fluid
Q19. Ventricular systole refers to which cardiac event?
- Ventricular relaxation and filling
- Atrial contraction
- Ventricular contraction and ejection of blood
- Closure of semilunar valves only
Correct Answer: Ventricular contraction and ejection of blood
Q20. The bundle of His is located in which cardiac structure?
- Interventricular septum
- Left atrial wall
- Pericardial sac
- Right atrial appendage
Correct Answer: Interventricular septum
Q21. The sinoatrial (SA) node is typically located at the junction of the:
- Inferior vena cava and right atrium
- Superior vena cava and right atrium
- Coronary sinus and left atrium
- Pulmonary veins and left atrium
Correct Answer: Superior vena cava and right atrium
Q22. The atrioventricular (AV) node lies in which area?
- Interventricular septum near AV valves
- Interatrial septum near opening of coronary sinus
- Base of left ventricle
- Apex of heart
Correct Answer: Interatrial septum near opening of coronary sinus
Q23. Sympathetic stimulation of the heart causes which effect?
- Decreased heart rate and contractility
- Increased heart rate and contractility
- No change in heart rate
- Only vasodilation without heart effects
Correct Answer: Increased heart rate and contractility
Q24. Venous blood from most of the myocardium drains into which structure?
- Superior vena cava
- Coronary sinus
- Left atrium
- Pulmonary vein
Correct Answer: Coronary sinus
Q25. The fossa ovalis is the remnant of which fetal structure?
- Ductus arteriosus
- Ductus venosus
- Foramen ovale
Correct Answer: Foramen ovale
Q26. Which structure in the right ventricle contains part of the right bundle branch and assists conduction?
- Chordae tendineae
- Moderator band (septomarginal trabecula)
- Trabeculae carneae
- Interatrial septum
Correct Answer: Moderator band (septomarginal trabecula)
Q27. The aortic valve cusps include which of the following?
- Right, left, and posterior (non-coronary) cusps
- Anterior, posterior, and lateral cusps
- Septal and free cusps only
- Superior and inferior cusps only
Correct Answer: Right, left, and posterior (non-coronary) cusps
Q28. Which cusps are found in the pulmonary valve?
- Right, left, and posterior
- Anterior, right, and left
- Superior, inferior, and lateral
- Anterior and posterior only
Correct Answer: Anterior, right, and left
Q29. How are the tricuspid valve leaflets anchored to ventricular myocardium?
- Direct muscular insertion
- Chordae tendineae attached to papillary muscles
- Fibrous bands only
- By the interventricular septum
Correct Answer: Chordae tendineae attached to papillary muscles
Q30. Which heart walls are generally thinnest?
- Ventricular walls
- Atrial walls
- Left ventricular wall
- Both ventricular septal walls
Correct Answer: Atrial walls
Q31. The fibrous skeleton of the heart primarily consists of:
- Cartilaginous rings around atria
- Annuli fibrosi around the valves and dense connective tissue
- Osseous plates in interventricular septum
- Skeletal muscle attachments
Correct Answer: Annuli fibrosi around the valves and dense connective tissue
Q32. Coronary artery dominance is determined by which feature?
- Artery supplying the left atrium
- Artery supplying the posterior descending artery (PDA)
- Largest coronary vein
- Origin of the left coronary artery
Correct Answer: Artery supplying the posterior descending artery (PDA)
Q33. The blood supply to the sinoatrial (SA) node most commonly arises from which artery?
- Left circumflex artery
- Right coronary artery
- Left anterior descending artery
- Great cardiac vein
Correct Answer: Right coronary artery
Q34. Coronary blood flow primarily occurs during which phase of the cardiac cycle?
- Systole
- Diastole
- Atrial systole only
- Isovolumetric contraction only
Correct Answer: Diastole
Q35. The endocardium is primarily composed of which tissue type?
- Simple squamous endothelium with subendothelial connective tissue
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- Cardiac muscle fibers
- Hyaline cartilage
Correct Answer: Simple squamous endothelium with subendothelial connective tissue
Q36. Auricles of the heart are best described as:
- External muscle bundles of ventricles
- Appendages of the atria that increase volume
- Valve cusps of semilunar valves
- Part of the interventricular septum
Correct Answer: Appendages of the atria that increase volume
Q37. In fetal circulation, the foramen ovale allows blood to flow from:
- Left atrium to right atrium
- Right atrium to left atrium
- Left ventricle to aorta
- Pulmonary trunk to aorta
Correct Answer: Right atrium to left atrium
Q38. The ductus arteriosus connects which two vessels in the fetus?
- Aorta and superior vena cava
- Pulmonary trunk and aorta
- Inferior vena cava and right atrium
- Left atrium and left ventricle
Correct Answer: Pulmonary trunk and aorta
Q39. Major septation and chamber formation of the heart occur during which embryonic period?
- Weeks 1–2
- Weeks 4–8
- Weeks 10–12
- Last trimester only
Correct Answer: Weeks 4–8
Q40. Cardiac output is defined as:
- Stroke volume divided by heart rate
- Stroke volume multiplied by heart rate
- End-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume
- Heart rate minus stroke volume
Correct Answer: Stroke volume multiplied by heart rate
Q41. Which chamber has the thickest myocardial wall?
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
Correct Answer: Left ventricle
Q42. The outflow tract of the right ventricle leading to the pulmonary trunk is called the:
- Trabecula carneae
- Conus arteriosus (infundibulum)
- Auricle
- Aortic vestibule
Correct Answer: Conus arteriosus (infundibulum)
Q43. Irregular muscular ridges projecting from the ventricular walls are called:
- Trabeculae carneae
- Pectinate muscles
- Chordae tendineae
- Interatrial bands
Correct Answer: Trabeculae carneae
Q44. The ostia of the coronary arteries are located:
- In the pulmonary trunk above pulmonary valve
- In the aortic sinuses just above the aortic valve cusps
- On the left atrial wall
- At the base of the superior vena cava
Correct Answer: In the aortic sinuses just above the aortic valve cusps
Q45. Atrioventricular valves are typically open during which phase?
- Ventricular systole
- Ventricular diastole
- Aortic ejection only
- Isovolumetric contraction only
Correct Answer: Ventricular diastole
Q46. Semilunar valves function to:
- Prevent backflow into the ventricles during diastole
- Prevent backflow into the atria during systole
- Anchor the chordae tendineae
- Conduct electrical impulses
Correct Answer: Prevent backflow into the ventricles during diastole
Q47. The most common site of congenital ventricular septal defects is the:
- Muscular interventricular septum
- Membranous part of the interventricular septum
- Interatrial septum
- Right ventricular outflow tract
Correct Answer: Membranous part of the interventricular septum
Q48. The first heart sound (S1) is primarily produced by closure of the:
- Semilunar valves
- Atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid)
- Pericardial layers
- Pulmonary veins
Correct Answer: Atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid)
Q49. Which part of the conduction system exhibits the slowest conduction velocity, creating the delay between atrial and ventricular contraction?
- Sinoatrial (SA) node
- Atrioventricular (AV) node
- Bundle branches
- Purkinje fibers
Correct Answer: Atrioventricular (AV) node
Q50. The great cardiac vein typically accompanies which artery in the anterior interventricular groove?
- Right coronary artery
- Left circumflex artery
- Anterior interventricular (LAD) artery
- Posterior interventricular artery
Correct Answer: Anterior interventricular (LAD) artery
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