Pulmonary Thromboembolism MCQ Quiz | Respiratory System

1. The most common source of clinically significant pulmonary emboli is:

2. Which of the following is NOT a component of Virchow’s triad?

3. Which ECG finding is most classically associated with acute pulmonary embolism, although it is not the most common?

4. What is considered the “gold standard” imaging modality for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in most non-pregnant patients?

5. The primary utility of a D-dimer test in the evaluation of a patient with suspected PE is its:

6. In a patient with suspected PE who has a severe contrast allergy or significant renal insufficiency, which diagnostic test is most appropriate?

7. “Massive” pulmonary embolism is hemodynamically defined by:

8. The Westermark sign on a chest radiograph in the context of PE refers to:

9. What is the first-line treatment for a hemodynamically stable patient with an acute PE and no contraindications?

10. The primary indication for administering systemic thrombolytic therapy in a patient with PE is:

11. The Wells score is a clinical prediction rule used to estimate the:

12. A paradoxical embolism, where a venous thrombus enters the systemic arterial circulation, is most commonly associated with which cardiac anomaly?

13. Hampton’s hump on a chest radiograph is a sign suggestive of pulmonary embolism. It is described as a:

14. The Pulmonary Embolism Rule-out Criteria (PERC) are used to:

15. Which anticoagulant is preferred for a patient with PE and severe renal impairment (e.g., Creatinine Clearance < 30 mL/min)?

16. The most common inherited hypercoagulable state predisposing to venous thromboembolism in Caucasian populations is:

17. McConnell’s sign, seen on echocardiography in some patients with acute PE, is characterized by:

18. What is the standard duration of anticoagulation for a patient with a first episode of provoked PE (e.g., following a major surgery)?

19. Which of the following direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) require an initial course of parenteral anticoagulation (like LMWH) before they are started?

20. The primary pathophysiological consequence of a massive pulmonary embolism is a sudden increase in:

21. What is the most common symptom reported by patients with pulmonary embolism?

22. Which imaging study is most sensitive for diagnosing chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)?

23. In a pregnant patient with suspected PE and a normal chest X-ray, which diagnostic test is often preferred to minimize radiation exposure to the fetus?

24. What is the mechanism of action of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) used in thrombolysis for PE?

25. A patient is diagnosed with a submassive PE, defined by RV dysfunction but normal blood pressure. What is a key consideration in their management?