Pediatric Hypertension – Recognition MCQ Quiz | Cardiovascular

Welcome to the Pediatric Hypertension Recognition Quiz, designed specifically for MBBS students studying the Cardiovascular system. This quiz will test your understanding of the essential principles for identifying and diagnosing high blood pressure in children and adolescents. You’ll face 25 multiple-choice questions covering topics from proper measurement techniques and diagnostic criteria based on age-specific percentiles to the common causes of secondary hypertension and the initial clinical workup. This is a crucial area of pediatrics, as early recognition can prevent long-term cardiovascular damage. After submitting your answers, you’ll see your score and can review the correct responses. For your future reference and study, you also have the option to download all questions with their correct answers in a PDF format.

1. How is hypertension defined in children aged 1 to 13 years?

2. What is the most crucial step for ensuring an accurate blood pressure measurement in a child?

3. An appropriate blood pressure cuff bladder should encircle what percentage of the child’s mid-arm circumference?

4. According to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines, at what age should routine blood pressure screening begin in healthy children?

5. What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension in a neonate?

6. The most common cause of secondary hypertension in adolescents is:

7. Which diagnostic tool is the gold standard for diagnosing “white coat hypertension” in children?

8. Coarctation of the aorta, a cause of secondary hypertension, is clinically suspected when there is:

9. Stage 1 hypertension in an adolescent (≥13 years) is defined as a blood pressure of:

10. What is the classification for a 5-year-old child whose blood pressure is consistently between the 90th and 95th percentile?

11. For a newly diagnosed hypertensive child, which of the following is a key component of the initial laboratory workup?

12. What is the most common initial sign of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension in children?

13. A child has normal blood pressure readings in the clinic but documented high readings at home. This condition is known as:

14. For routine screening in a busy pediatric clinic, which method of blood pressure measurement is recommended as the first step?

15. Which group of children requires blood pressure measurement at every healthcare encounter, regardless of age?

16. A child presents with paroxysmal hypertension, headaches, palpitations, and sweating. Which condition should be strongly considered?

17. To confirm a diagnosis of sustained hypertension, how many separate occasions must the blood pressure be elevated?

18. Besides diagnosing white coat hypertension, what is another primary indication for Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) in a child?

19. Which family history finding is most significant when evaluating a child with hypertension?

20. Multiple “café-au-lait” macules on physical examination of a hypertensive child could suggest which underlying condition?

21. How is hypertension defined in adolescents aged 13 years and older?

22. When measuring blood pressure, where should the cuff be correctly placed on the arm?

23. Which finding on urinalysis would be most suggestive of renal parenchymal disease as the cause of hypertension?

24. A 10-year-old child’s blood pressure is consistently measured at a level that is 15 mmHg above the 95th percentile. This is classified as:

25. What is the most common modifiable risk factor for primary (essential) hypertension in children and adolescents?