MCQ Quiz: The Art of Compounding

Compounding, the age-old art and science of preparing personalized medications, remains a crucial aspect of modern pharmacy practice. For PharmD students, understanding compounding principles is essential for delivering patient-centered care, especially when commercial products don’t meet specific patient needs. This quiz will test your knowledge of the fundamental concepts, techniques, and historical significance of pharmaceutical compounding.

  1. What is the primary definition of pharmaceutical compounding?
    • Mass production of generic medications.
    • The creation of commercial drug products for general sale.
    • The preparation of a customized medication to meet an individual patient’s specific needs.
    • The process of repackaging drugs into smaller quantities.
    Answer: The preparation of a customized medication to meet an individual patient’s specific needs.
  2. Which of the following is a key reason for compounding a medication?
    • To reduce the cost of commercially available drugs.
    • To create a dosage form not commercially available (e.g., liquid for a child).
    • To increase the shelf life of a drug.
    • To bypass regulatory approval processes.
    Answer: To create a dosage form not commercially available (e.g., liquid for a child).
  3. The “Art of Compounding” historically refers to the pharmacist’s skill in:
    • Marketing and sales.
    • Diagnosing illnesses.
    • Meticulously preparing and formulating medicines by hand.
    • Managing large pharmacy chains.
    Answer: Meticulously preparing and formulating medicines by hand.
  4. What does “extemporaneous compounding” mean?
    • Preparing medications in large batches in advance.
    • Compounding only sterile preparations.
    • Preparing a medication on demand, at the time of dispensing.
    • Compounding solely with natural ingredients.
    Answer: Preparing a medication on demand, at the time of dispensing.
  5. Which of the following scenarios would most likely necessitate pharmaceutical compounding?
    • A patient needs a common tablet in its original form.
    • A patient is allergic to a non-active ingredient in a commercial product.
    • A patient requires a higher dose than the maximum commercially available tablet.
    • A patient requests a medication that is out of stock.
    Answer: A patient is allergic to a non-active ingredient in a commercial product.
  6. The “Scoville, WL. The Art of Compounding” reading likely provides insights into:
    • Modern automated compounding techniques.
    • Traditional compounding methods and principles.
    • The legal regulations of compounding in the 21st century.
    • The history of industrial pharmaceutical manufacturing.
    Answer: Traditional compounding methods and principles.
  7. What is “trituration” in compounding?
    • Dissolving a solid in a liquid.
    • Grinding a solid substance to a fine powder, often with a mortar and pestle.
    • Mixing two liquids vigorously.
    • Heating ingredients to form a solution.
    Answer: Grinding a solid substance to a fine powder, often with a mortar and pestle.
  8. When compounding a suspension, what is the primary goal?
    • To create a clear, homogeneous solution.
    • To uniformly disperse a solid drug throughout a liquid vehicle.
    • To form a stable emulsion.
    • To ensure rapid dissolution of the drug.
    Answer: To uniformly disperse a solid drug throughout a liquid vehicle.
  9. A “levigating agent” is used in compounding to:
    • Increase the solubility of a drug.
    • Reduce the particle size of a powder by grinding it with a liquid.
    • Enhance the taste of a preparation.
    • Act as a preservative.
    Answer: Reduce the particle size of a powder by grinding it with a liquid.
  10. What is a “base” in the context of compounding ointments and creams?
    • The active pharmaceutical ingredient.
    • The liquid used for dilution.
    • The vehicle that carries the active ingredient and provides consistency.
    • The flavoring agent.
    Answer: The vehicle that carries the active ingredient and provides consistency.
  11. Beyond-Use Date (BUD) in compounding refers to:
    • The manufacturer’s expiration date.
    • The date after which the compounded preparation should not be used.
    • The date the prescription was filled.
    • The date the ingredients were received.
    Answer: The date after which the compounded preparation should not be used.
  12. What is “geometric dilution” in compounding?
    • Diluting a potent substance by adding it all at once to the diluent.
    • A technique for mixing a small amount of potent drug with a large amount of diluent to ensure uniform distribution.
    • Mixing equal parts of two different solutions.
    • Diluting a liquid by adding water until a specific volume is reached.
    Answer: A technique for mixing a small amount of potent drug with a large amount of diluent to ensure uniform distribution.
  13. What is the significance of “Materia Medica” in the history of compounding?
    • It refers to the legal framework for pharmacy.
    • It is a historical term for the study of medicinal substances and their properties.
    • It describes the financial aspects of a pharmacy.
    • It’s an ancient compounding technique.
    Answer: It is a historical term for the study of medicinal substances and their properties.
  14. Which of the following quality control measures is most fundamental to compounding accurate preparations?
    • Relying solely on visual inspection.
    • Accurate weighing and measuring of ingredients.
    • Estimating ingredient quantities.
    • Using expired chemicals.
    Answer: Accurate weighing and measuring of ingredients.
  15. What is a “capsule shell” made of?
    • Glass.
    • Gelatin or cellulose.
    • Metal.
    • Plastic.
    Answer: Gelatin or cellulose.
  16. Why is proper “labeling” crucial for compounded preparations?
    • To make the product look aesthetically pleasing.
    • To comply with marketing regulations.
    • To provide essential information for safe and effective use, including beyond-use date.
    • To hide the ingredients from the patient.
    Answer: To provide essential information for safe and effective use, including beyond-use date.
  17. What did “emulsions” refer to in compounding?
    • Solid, hard pills.
    • Dispersions of two immiscible liquids, stabilized by an emulsifying agent.
    • Fine powders.
    • Sterile injectable solutions.
    Answer: Dispersions of two immiscible liquids, stabilized by an emulsifying agent.
  18. The “USP Chapter 795” provides standards for which type of compounding?
    • Sterile compounding.
    • Non-sterile compounding.
    • Radiopharmaceutical compounding.
    • Veterinary compounding exclusively.
    Answer: Non-sterile compounding.
  19. What is the purpose of a “suspending agent” in a compounded liquid?
    • To sweeten the preparation.
    • To prevent the settling of solid particles in a liquid.
    • To increase drug solubility.
    • To provide antimicrobial properties.
    Answer: To prevent the settling of solid particles in a liquid.
  20. When formulating a medication for a pediatric patient, what is a common consideration that often leads to compounding?
    • Their preference for large tablets.
    • The need for specific flavors or liquid dosage forms.
    • Their ability to swallow any dosage form.
    • Their requirement for high adult doses.
    Answer: The need for specific flavors or liquid dosage forms.
  21. What is the primary aim of “Good Compounding Practices (GCP)”?
    • To ensure rapid compounding turnaround time.
    • To ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of compounded preparations.
    • To maximize profit margins.
    • To simplify the compounding process.
    Answer: To ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of compounded preparations.
  22. What does “trituration” aim to achieve in terms of particle size?
    • Increase particle size.
    • Reduce particle size to a uniform, fine powder.
    • Create irregular particle shapes.
    • Cause particles to clump together.
    Answer: Reduce particle size to a uniform, fine powder.
  23. What is a “diluent” in compounding?
    • An active ingredient.
    • A substance used to increase the bulk or volume of a preparation.
    • A flavoring agent.
    • A preservative.
    Answer: A substance used to increase the bulk or volume of a preparation.
  24. When preparing a cream, what characteristic is desirable for the final product?
    • Separation of layers.
    • Gritty texture.
    • Smooth and homogeneous consistency.
    • Rapid evaporation.
    Answer: Smooth and homogeneous consistency.
  25. Which historical invention significantly reduced the need for pharmacists to compound all medications from raw materials?
    • The printing press.
    • The individual capsule filler.
    • Industrial-scale drug manufacturing.
    • The microscope.
    Answer: Industrial-scale drug manufacturing.
  26. What is the “Art of Compounding” often contrasted with in modern pharmacy?
    • Patient counseling.
    • Clinical research.
    • Mass production and commercial drug manufacturing.
    • Pharmacy management.
    Answer: Mass production and commercial drug manufacturing.
  27. What did “decoctions” involve in historical compounding?
    • Mixing dry powders.
    • Boiling herbal materials in water to extract active ingredients.
    • Preparing sterile injections.
    • Coating pills.
    Answer: Boiling herbal materials in water to extract active ingredients.
  28. What is a “vehicle” in a liquid compounded preparation?
    • The flavoring agent.
    • The solvent or carrier in which the drug is dissolved or suspended.
    • The active ingredient.
    • The preservative.
    Answer: The solvent or carrier in which the drug is dissolved or suspended.
  29. The principle of “first-pass metabolism” can influence the choice of dosage form in compounding, especially for which route of administration?
    • Topical.
    • Oral.
    • Rectal.
    • Intravenous.
    Answer: Oral.
  30. What type of water is generally preferred for aqueous-based compounded non-sterile preparations?
    • Tap water.
    • Distilled or purified water.
    • Saline solution.
    • Mineral water.
    Answer: Distilled or purified water.
  31. What does the “Art of Compounding, Materia Medica” lecture cover?
    • Sterile product preparation.
    • Traditional compounding techniques and medicinal substances.
    • Pharmaceutical business management.
    • Drug regulatory affairs.
    Answer: Traditional compounding techniques and medicinal substances.
  32. When compounding, why is “proper attire” (e.g., lab coat, gloves) important?
    • To look professional.
    • To prevent contamination of the preparation and protect the compounder.
    • To distinguish pharmacists from other healthcare professionals.
    • To keep warm in the laboratory.
    Answer: To prevent contamination of the preparation and protect the compounder.
  33. What is “spatulation” in compounding?
    • Weighing ingredients precisely.
    • Mixing powders or semi-solids on a flat surface using a spatula.
    • Dissolving solids in a liquid.
    • Grinding solids in a mortar.
    Answer: Mixing powders or semi-solids on a flat surface using a spatula.
  34. The phrase “beyond-use date” reflects a focus on what in compounded medications?
    • Their manufacturing cost.
    • Their chemical and physical stability after preparation.
    • Their advertising claims.
    • Their market demand.
    Answer: Their chemical and physical stability after preparation.
  35. What is the primary advantage of compounding for patients with rare diseases?
    • It makes common drugs cheaper.
    • It allows for access to medications not commercially available for their specific condition.
    • It speeds up the drug approval process.
    • It eliminates the need for a prescription.
    Answer: It allows for access to medications not commercially available for their specific condition.
  36. What does “diluting” a concentrated stock solution involve in compounding?
    • Increasing its strength.
    • Decreasing its strength by adding a diluent.
    • Heating it to evaporate the solvent.
    • Adding active ingredients to it.
    Answer: Decreasing its strength by adding a diluent.
  37. The “Pharmacy Laboratory Dr. Foote (Compounding Technique)” video would likely demonstrate:
    • Modern automated dispensing systems.
    • Hands-on historical compounding methods.
    • Clinical patient assessment skills.
    • Pharmaceutical research experiments.
    Answer: Hands-on historical compounding methods.
  38. When compounding a topical preparation, why is the “absorption rate” through the skin an important consideration?
    • It affects the taste of the preparation.
    • It influences the systemic effect and local duration of action.
    • It determines the color of the cream.
    • It dictates the type of container.
    Answer: It influences the systemic effect and local duration of action.
  39. What is the primary role of “quality assurance” in compounding?
    • To minimize the time spent on preparation.
    • To ensure the compounded product meets specified standards for identity, strength, quality, and purity.
    • To maximize the volume of production.
    • To reduce the need for accurate measurements.
    Answer: To ensure the compounded product meets specified standards for identity, strength, quality, and purity.
  40. “Capsules” are a solid dosage form commonly compounded to:
    • Be swallowed whole.
    • Deliver drugs intravenously.
    • Be inhaled directly into the lungs.
    • Be applied as a topical cream.
    Answer: Be swallowed whole.
  41. What is an “excipient” in compounding?
    • The active drug substance.
    • A non-medicinal ingredient added to a formulation.
    • A contaminant.
    • A flavoring that is also an active ingredient.
    Answer: A non-medicinal ingredient added to a formulation.
  42. The use of “dosage calculations” in compounding is critical for ensuring:
    • The aesthetic appeal of the final product.
    • The correct amount of active ingredient is in the preparation.
    • Rapid dissolution of the drug.
    • Easy packaging.
    Answer: The correct amount of active ingredient is in the preparation.
  43. Why is “patient counseling” important for compounded medications?
    • Compounded medications always taste bad.
    • Patients may not be familiar with the unique dosage form or administration instructions.
    • Compounded medications are less effective than commercial ones.
    • Compounding is a new concept for most patients.
    Answer: Patients may not be familiar with the unique dosage form or administration instructions.
  44. What does “levigation” often involve when preparing ointments?
    • Heating the ingredients until they boil.
    • Rubbing a solid material in a mortar with a small amount of liquid to form a smooth paste.
    • Shaking a liquid vigorously.
    • Filtering the final product.
    Answer: Rubbing a solid material in a mortar with a small amount of liquid to form a smooth paste.
  45. What is a “master formulation record” in compounding?
    • A patient’s prescription order.
    • A document outlining the step-by-step procedure for preparing a specific compounded medication.
    • A list of all ingredients available in the pharmacy.
    • A record of all medications dispensed in a day.
    Answer: A document outlining the step-by-step procedure for preparing a specific compounded medication.
  46. When compounding a sterile preparation, what additional environmental control is critical compared to non-sterile compounding?
    • A clean, open workbench.
    • A laminar airflow workbench or isolator.
    • A dusty room.
    • A well-ventilated laboratory.
    Answer: A laminar airflow workbench or isolator.
  47. What is the primary purpose of an “ointment mill” in modern compounding?
    • To weigh ingredients.
    • To blend and reduce particle size of solids in an ointment base, creating a smoother product.
    • To heat ointments.
    • To store ointments.
    Answer: To blend and reduce particle size of solids in an ointment base, creating a smoother product.
  48. What is “comminution” in general pharmaceutical terms?
    • The process of dissolving a substance.
    • The process of reducing the particle size of a substance.
    • The process of mixing liquids.
    • The process of sterilizing equipment.
    Answer: The process of reducing the particle size of a substance.
  49. Why is “cleanliness” paramount in a compounding area?
    • To make the area look tidy.
    • To prevent contamination of compounded preparations.
    • To impress inspectors.
    • To prolong the life of equipment.
    Answer: To prevent contamination of compounded preparations.
  50. What is a “suppository” as a dosage form?
    • A liquid medication for oral use.
    • A solid body designed for insertion into a body orifice (e.g., rectum, vagina) where it melts or dissolves.
    • A topical patch.
    • An inhaled powder.
    Answer: A solid body designed for insertion into a body orifice (e.g., rectum, vagina) where it melts or dissolves.

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