1. Which of the following conditions is characterized by edema, hypoalbuminemia, and a fatty liver, despite relatively adequate caloric intake but severe protein deficiency?
2. The Respiratory Quotient (RQ) for a diet purely consisting of carbohydrates is:
3. A patient presents with Bitot’s spots, xerophthalmia, and night blindness. Deficiency of which vitamin is the most likely cause?
4. Which of the following is an essential omega-6 fatty acid?
5. A chronic alcoholic patient develops confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. This triad is characteristic of Wernicke’s encephalopathy, caused by a deficiency of:
6. The “4 D’s” (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death) are pathognomonic for Pellagra, which results from a severe deficiency of:
7. Megaloblastic anemia can be caused by a deficiency of either Vitamin B12 or Folate. Which of the following findings is specific to Vitamin B12 deficiency?
8. Which vitamin is essential for the post-translational carboxylation of glutamate residues in clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X?
9. The absorption of non-heme iron from plant-based foods is significantly enhanced by the co-ingestion of:
10. A deficiency of which trace element is associated with endemic goiter and cretinism?
11. A child from a low-income family presents with bowed legs and a rachitic rosary. This is most likely due to a deficiency in:
12. Which macronutrient has the highest specific dynamic action (SDA) or thermic effect of food (TEF)?
13. A patient with tuberculosis being treated with isoniazid develops a peripheral neuropathy. This can be prevented by supplementing with which vitamin?
14. Scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, perifollicular hemorrhage, and impaired wound healing, is caused by a deficiency in Vitamin C, which is crucial for the synthesis of:
15. Wilson’s disease is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism leading to copper accumulation in the liver, brain, and other tissues. It is caused by a mutation in which gene?
16. Which of the following is the primary dietary source of Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) for humans?
17. A positive nitrogen balance (intake > output) is typically seen in which of the following states?
18. Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a rare inherited disorder causing severe zinc deficiency. What is the classic triad of symptoms?
19. Which vitamin functions as a major lipid-soluble antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage?
20. Periconceptional supplementation with which vitamin is crucial for preventing neural tube defects like spina bifida?
21. Cheilosis, glossitis, and corneal vascularization are classic signs of a deficiency in:
22. Which term describes the average daily dietary nutrient intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group?
23. The trace mineral Selenium is an essential component of which important antioxidant enzyme?
24. What is the primary role of dietary fiber in the human diet?
25. The Glycemic Index (GI) of a food is a measure of its effect on:
