Hypertensive & Toxaemia-of-Pregnancy Retinopathies MCQ Quiz | Retina & Optic Nerve

Welcome to this specialized multiple-choice quiz on Hypertensive and Toxaemia-of-Pregnancy Retinopathies, a critical topic within the Retina & Optic Nerve syllabus for MBBS students. This quiz is designed to test your understanding of the clinical signs, pathophysiology, classification, and management of retinal changes secondary to systemic hypertension and pre-eclampsia. Covering key concepts like the Keith-Wagener-Barker classification, AV nipping, cotton-wool spots, and specific findings in pregnancy-induced hypertension such as serous retinal detachment, these 25 questions will help you consolidate your knowledge. After completing the quiz and submitting your answers, you can review your performance and download a PDF document containing all the questions along with their correct answers for your future revision.

1. What is the earliest sign of hypertensive retinopathy according to the Keith-Wagener-Barker (KWB) classification?

2. AV (Arteriovenous) nipping, a key sign in hypertensive retinopathy, is characterized by:

3. In the KWB classification, Grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy is distinguished from Grade 2 by the presence of:

4. Papilledema is the hallmark of which grade of hypertensive retinopathy?

5. Cotton-wool spots, seen in hypertensive retinopathy, represent:

6. Which of the following signs indicates a more chronic or sclerotic phase of hypertensive retinopathy?

7. A ‘macular star’ is formed by:

8. The term ‘silver wiring’ refers to:

9. Retinopathy of toxaemia of pregnancy (pre-eclampsia/eclampsia) is primarily characterized by:

10. A characteristic and serious finding in severe pre-eclamptic/eclamptic retinopathy is:

11. What are Elschnig spots?

12. The fundoscopic changes in toxaemia of pregnancy are generally:

13. Gunn’s sign refers to:

14. Salus’s sign in hypertensive retinopathy describes:

15. The primary pathophysiological event leading to the signs of acute hypertensive retinopathy is:

16. Which of the following is NOT typically a feature of Grade 2 KWB hypertensive retinopathy?

17. The presence of Grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy is a medical emergency often associated with:

18. What is the most appropriate management for a pregnant patient with fundus changes of severe pre-eclampsia, including serous retinal detachment?

19. In hypertensive choroidopathy, Siegrist streaks are:

20. A 30-year-old female in her 34th week of pregnancy presents with blurred vision, headaches, and a BP of 170/110 mmHg. Fundoscopy shows bilateral disc swelling, macular star, and serous retinal detachments. This clinical picture is most consistent with:

21. What is the main difference between flame-shaped hemorrhages and dot-blot hemorrhages?

22. A patient with long-standing hypertension is found to have ‘copper wiring’ of their retinal arterioles. This indicates:

23. The development of a macroaneurysm on a retinal arteriole is a potential complication of:

24. Management of hypertensive retinopathy primarily focuses on:

25. A patient’s fundus shows marked AV nipping and ‘silver wiring’ but no hemorrhages, exudates, or papilledema. According to the KWB classification, what is the most likely grade?