Hematuria MCQ Quiz | Renal & Genitourinary

Welcome to this comprehensive quiz on Hematuria, a critical topic within the Renal & Genitourinary module for MBBS students. This quiz is designed to test your understanding of the causes, classification, investigation, and management of blood in the urine. You will encounter 25 multiple-choice questions covering everything from glomerular vs. non-glomerular bleeding to specific pathologies like IgA nephropathy, renal cell carcinoma, and urolithiasis. This assessment will help you solidify your knowledge and prepare for your examinations. After submitting your answers, you’ll receive your score and see a detailed breakdown of correct and incorrect responses. You can also download all the questions and their correct answers in a convenient PDF format for future revision. Good luck!

1. What is the standard definition of microscopic hematuria based on urinalysis?

2. Which finding in urine microscopy is most specific for a glomerular source of hematuria?

3. A 22-year-old male presents with macroscopic hematuria that occurs concurrently with an upper respiratory tract infection. This clinical presentation is classic for:

4. Painless, total macroscopic hematuria in a 65-year-old male with a 40-pack-year smoking history is highly suspicious for:

5. In the three-glass urine test, hematuria predominantly in the first glass (initial hematuria) suggests the source of bleeding is in the:

6. Alport syndrome, an inherited cause of glomerular hematuria, is characterized by the classic triad of:

7. What is the most common cause of hematuria in children?

8. A 40-year-old female presents with persistent microscopic hematuria, proteinuria of 1.5 g/day, and rising creatinine. Urine microscopy shows dysmorphic RBCs. What is the most appropriate next diagnostic step?

9. Which of the following chemotherapeutic agents is well-known for causing hemorrhagic cystitis?

10. “Nutcracker syndrome,” a cause of hematuria, involves the compression of the left renal vein between which two arteries?

11. A child develops “cola-colored” urine, edema, and hypertension. A throat swab taken 10 days ago was positive for Group A Streptococcus. What is the most likely diagnosis?

12. What is the initial imaging modality of choice for a patient with suspected urolithiasis presenting with acute flank pain and hematuria?

13. The classic triad of flank pain, a palpable abdominal mass, and hematuria is associated with which condition, though it is only seen in about 10% of cases?

14. Hematuria that is most prominent at the end of urination (terminal hematuria) typically points to a pathology in the:

15. A patient on warfarin with an INR of 3.5 develops hematuria. What is the most appropriate initial management step?

16. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the nephritic syndrome?

17. The “gold standard” investigation for evaluating the bladder and urethra in a patient with unexplained hematuria is:

18. Chronic infection with Schistosoma haematobium is a major risk factor for which type of bladder cancer?

19. Renal papillary necrosis, a cause of hematuria, is classically associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

20. Which condition is characterized by persistent or intermittent, isolated microscopic hematuria, a strong family history of hematuria, and a benign course with normal renal function?

21. A positive urine dipstick for heme but no RBCs on microscopy should raise suspicion for:

22. The presence of eosinophils in the urine (eosinophiluria) along with hematuria is suggestive of:

23. Vigorous exercise, like running a marathon, can cause which type of hematuria?

24. What is the very first investigation that should be performed in any patient presenting with suspected hematuria?

25. A 70-year-old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) presents with microscopic hematuria. What is the appropriate approach?