Goiter & Thyroid Nodules MCQ Quiz | Endocrinology & Metabolism

Welcome to this specialized multiple-choice quiz on Goiter and Thyroid Nodules, designed for MBBS students. This quiz will test your understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, diagnostic investigations, and management principles of these common endocrine conditions. Covering everything from the global impact of iodine deficiency to the nuances of the Bethesda system for thyroid cytology, these 25 questions will challenge your clinical knowledge. After completing the quiz, submit your answers to see your score and review the correct responses, which will be highlighted for your learning. You can also download a PDF copy of all questions and their correct answers for offline revision. Good luck!

1. What is the most common cause of goiter worldwide?

2. A patient presents with facial plethora, dyspnea, and distended neck veins when they raise their arms above their head. This clinical finding, known as Pemberton’s sign, is indicative of:

3. What is the initial investigation of choice for a patient presenting with a palpable thyroid nodule?

4. Which of the following sonographic features of a thyroid nodule is most suspicious for malignancy?

5. According to the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology, which category indicates “Follicular Neoplasm or Suspicious for a Follicular Neoplasm”?

6. What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?

7. A patient with a thyroid nodule has a suppressed TSH level. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

8. The presence of Psammoma bodies on histopathology is a classic feature of which thyroid malignancy?

9. Which of the following drugs is well-known for causing goiter and hypothyroidism with long-term use?

10. The term “toxic multinodular goiter” (Plummer’s disease) refers to a condition characterized by:

11. A 65-year-old male with a history of neck irradiation presents with a rapidly enlarging, fixed, and hard neck mass causing dysphagia and hoarseness. This clinical picture is most suggestive of:

12. What tumor marker is used for the surveillance of recurrent or persistent medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)?

13. Dyshormonogenesis refers to a group of autosomal recessive disorders that cause goiter due to:

14. What is the management of a thyroid nodule with a FNAC result of “Benign” (Bethesda II)?

15. Medullary thyroid cancer is a neuroendocrine tumor of which cells of the thyroid?

16. The most definitive treatment for a large, benign multinodular goiter causing significant compressive symptoms is:

17. Which genetic mutation is commonly associated with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and is screened for in family members?

18. The Jod-Basedow effect describes which of the following phenomena?

19. A ‘cold’ nodule on a thyroid scintigraphy scan means the nodule:

20. What is the primary role of measuring serum thyroglobulin (Tg) in a patient with differentiated thyroid cancer?

21. In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the goiter is typically characterized as:

22. Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy?

23. Follicular thyroid carcinoma is distinguished from a benign follicular adenoma based on the presence of:

24. A patient treated with total thyroidectomy for a large goiter is at risk for which immediate postoperative complication?

25. Thyroid acropachy is a rare manifestation characterized by digital clubbing and is most specifically associated with: