Functions of tissues MCQs With Answer

Introduction: Understanding the functions of tissues is essential for B. Pharm students preparing for exams and clinical practice. This concise, Student-friendly guide on Functions of tissues MCQs With Answer covers epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous and specialized tissues, extracellular matrix roles, cell junctions, repair processes and pharmacological relevance such as drug absorption, distribution and targeting at the tissue level. Each question emphasizes mechanisms, histological features and clinical correlations to deepen comprehension for pharmacology, pharmaceutics and pathology. Practice-focused and keyword-rich, these MCQs will reinforce core concepts and improve retention for exam success. Now let’s test your knowledge with 50 MCQs on this topic.

Q1. Which primary function is characteristic of epithelial tissue?

• Support and movement
• Protection, absorption and secretion
• Electrical impulse conduction
• Blood formation

Correct Answer: Protection, absorption and secretion

Q2. What component of connective tissue provides tensile strength?

• Elastin fibers
• Glycosaminoglycans
• Collagen fibers
• Basal lamina

Correct Answer: Collagen fibers

Q3. Which cell junction prevents passage of molecules via the paracellular route?

• Gap junctions
• Tight junctions (zonula occludens)
• Desmosomes
• Hemidesmosomes

Correct Answer: Tight junctions (zonula occludens)

Q4. In pharmacology, why is epithelial polarity important for drug absorption?

• Polarized cells are resistant to metabolism
• It dictates apical vs basolateral transporter location
• Polarity increases blood flow
• It prevents drug binding to receptors

Correct Answer: It dictates apical vs basolateral transporter location

Q5. Which tissue type is primarily responsible for mechanical support and mineral storage?

• Nervous tissue
• Bone (osseous) tissue
• Adipose tissue
• Skeletal muscle

Correct Answer: Bone (osseous) tissue

Q6. Which ECM component resists compressive forces and provides hydration?

• Collagen type I
• Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans
• Elastin
• Fibronectin

Correct Answer: Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans

Q7. Which muscle tissue type is under voluntary control and striated?

• Cardiac muscle
• Smooth muscle
• Skeletal muscle
• Myoepithelial cells

Correct Answer: Skeletal muscle

Q8. What is the primary role of gap junctions in tissues?

• Form a diffusion barrier
• Provide mechanical adhesion
• Allow direct electrical and chemical communication between cells
• Anchor cells to the basement membrane

Correct Answer: Allow direct electrical and chemical communication between cells

Q9. Which cell type synthesizes extracellular matrix in connective tissue?

• Macrophages
• Fibroblasts
• Endothelial cells
• Chondrocytes

Correct Answer: Fibroblasts

Q10. In cartilage, which cells maintain the matrix and occupy lacunae?

• Osteocytes
• Chondrocytes
• Fibroblasts
• Adipocytes

Correct Answer: Chondrocytes

Q11. Which tissue feature promotes rapid exchange of gases and nutrients?

• Stratified squamous epithelium
• Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
• Simple squamous endothelium
• Dense irregular connective tissue

Correct Answer: Simple squamous endothelium

Q12. Which connective tissue cell is a primary immune effector and antigen-presenting cell in tissues?

• Fibroblast
• Mast cell
• Dendritic cell
• Chondroblast

Correct Answer: Dendritic cell

Q13. What is the main pharmacological significance of tight junction modulation?

• It changes skeletal muscle contraction
• It alters paracellular drug permeability
• It increases ECM production
• It prevents nerve conduction

Correct Answer: It alters paracellular drug permeability

Q14. Which tissue type contains sarcomeres as its functional units?

• Smooth muscle
• Cardiac and skeletal muscle
• Adipose tissue
• Connective tissue

Correct Answer: Cardiac and skeletal muscle

Q15. Basal lamina is mainly composed of which proteins?

• Keratin and elastin
• Collagen IV, laminin and proteoglycans
• Myosin and actin
• Fibrinogen and fibronectin

Correct Answer: Collagen IV, laminin and proteoglycans

Q16. Which junction anchors intermediate filaments between adjacent epithelial cells?

• Gap junction
• Tight junction
• Desmosome
• Adherens junction

Correct Answer: Desmosome

Q17. What distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands at the tissue level?

• Endocrine glands secrete into ducts
• Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into blood
• Exocrine glands lack epithelial cells
• Exocrine glands release neurotransmitters only

Correct Answer: Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into blood

Q18. Which tissue type is most important for rapid clot formation following injury?

• Adipose tissue
• Blood (platelets and fibrinogen)
• Nervous tissue
• Cartilage

Correct Answer: Blood (platelets and fibrinogen)

Q19. Hypertrophy refers to which cellular response in tissues?

• Increase in cell number
• Decrease in cell size
• Increase in cell size
• Programmed cell death

Correct Answer: Increase in cell size

Q20. Which cell type produces antibodies and originates from B lymphocytes in tissues?

• Macrophage
• Plasma cell
• Mast cell
• Neutrophil

Correct Answer: Plasma cell

Q21. Which feature is typical of pseudostratified ciliated epithelium in the respiratory tract?

• Every cell reaches the free surface
• All cells are the same height
• Presence of goblet cells and cilia for mucociliary clearance
• Keratinized layer for barrier function

Correct Answer: Presence of goblet cells and cilia for mucociliary clearance

Q22. What is the main role of myelin produced by Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes?

• Provide trophic support only
• Enhance electrical conduction velocity of axons
• Form synapses with muscle
• Phagocytose cellular debris

Correct Answer: Enhance electrical conduction velocity of axons

Q23. Which tissue process is characterized by replacement of damaged cells by connective tissue leading to scar formation?

• Regeneration
• Apoptosis
• Fibrosis
• Hyperplasia

Correct Answer: Fibrosis

Q24. Which capillary type has continuous endothelium and is most selective for exchange?

• Fenestrated capillary
• Sinusoidal capillary
• Continuous capillary
• Lymphatic capillary

Correct Answer: Continuous capillary

Q25. In tissue histology, H&E staining primarily highlights which components?

• Carbohydrates and lipids
• Nuclei (hematoxylin) and cytoplasm/extracellular proteins (eosin)
• Elastic fibers only
• Calcium deposits

Correct Answer: Nuclei (hematoxylin) and cytoplasm/extracellular proteins (eosin)

Q26. Which extracellular matrix protein mediates cell adhesion and is important in wound healing?

• Actin
• Fibronectin
• Myosin
• Keratin

Correct Answer: Fibronectin

Q27. Which tissue is primarily involved in endocrine drug metabolism and detoxification?

• Cartilage
• Liver parenchyma (hepatocytes)
• Skeletal muscle
• Adipose tissue exclusively

Correct Answer: Liver parenchyma (hepatocytes)

Q28. Which cell junction allows rapid spread of action potentials in cardiac muscle?

• Tight junctions
• Gap junctions in intercalated discs
• Desmosomes alone
• Hemidesmosomes

Correct Answer: Gap junctions in intercalated discs

Q29. What is the role of mast cells in tissue responses?

• Produce antibodies
• Secrete histamine and mediate allergic responses
• Differentiate into fibroblasts
• Form the basement membrane

Correct Answer: Secrete histamine and mediate allergic responses

Q30. Which tissue exhibits regenerative capacity via satellite cells?

• Smooth muscle
• Skeletal muscle
• Cardiac muscle
• Nervous tissue

Correct Answer: Skeletal muscle

Q31. In tissues, what is the primary function of adipose tissue?

• Electrical conduction
• Energy storage, cushioning and endocrine signaling
• Secretion of digestive enzymes
• Bone remodeling

Correct Answer: Energy storage, cushioning and endocrine signaling

Q32. Which cell type in bone resorbs mineralized matrix during remodeling?

• Osteoblast
• Osteocyte
• Osteoclast
• Chondrocyte

Correct Answer: Osteoclast

Q33. Which tissue property influences drug distribution by binding or sequestration?

• ECM charge and composition
• Keratinization alone
• Action potential frequency
• Cilia density

Correct Answer: ECM charge and composition

Q34. Which specialized connective tissue provides shock absorption in joints?

• Hyaline cartilage
• Dense regular connective tissue
• Adipose tissue
• Elastic cartilage

Correct Answer: Hyaline cartilage

Q35. During inflammation, which sequence correctly orders acute events?

• Leukocyte recruitment → vasodilation → increased vascular permeability
• Vasodilation → increased vascular permeability → leukocyte recruitment
• Fibrin deposition → vasodilation → leukocyte apoptosis
• Fibrosis → angiogenesis → vasoconstriction

Correct Answer: Vasodilation → increased vascular permeability → leukocyte recruitment

Q36. Which epithelial specialization increases surface area for absorption in the intestine?

• Cilia
• Keratin layer
• Microvilli on enterocytes
• Basal folds

Correct Answer: Microvilli on enterocytes

Q37. Which cell type is primarily responsible for remodelling extracellular matrix during wound healing?

• Erythrocytes
• Fibroblasts and matrix metalloproteinases
• Platelets only
• Neurons

Correct Answer: Fibroblasts and matrix metalloproteinases

Q38. What role do endothelial cells play in drug delivery and tissue perfusion?

• They produce keratin for barrier
• They regulate vascular tone, permeability and express transporters
• They store fat-soluble drugs permanently
• They form the myelin sheath

Correct Answer: They regulate vascular tone, permeability and express transporters

Q39. Which histological stain is best for highlighting mucopolysaccharides in tissue?

• Oil Red O
• Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)
• Hematoxylin only
• Silver stain

Correct Answer: Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)

Q40. Which tissue process is characterized by organized cell death without inflammation?

• Necrosis
• Autolysis
• Apoptosis
• Fibrosis

Correct Answer: Apoptosis

Q41. Which molecule is a major elastic fiber component providing recoil in tissues?

• Collagen type II
• Elastin
• Hyaluronan
• Fibronectin

Correct Answer: Elastin

Q42. In synovial joints, which tissue produces synovial fluid for lubrication?

• Articular cartilage alone
• Synovial membrane (synoviocytes)
• Hyaline cartilage only
• Periosteum

Correct Answer: Synovial membrane (synoviocytes)

Q43. Which process describes stem cell-driven tissue replacement after injury?

• Metaplasia
• Regeneration
• Dysplasia
• Hyperkeratosis

Correct Answer: Regeneration

Q44. Which immune cell is the first-line phagocyte arriving at acute inflammation sites?

• Monocyte/macrophage
• Eosinophil
• Neutrophil
• B lymphocyte

Correct Answer: Neutrophil

Q45. Which tissue characteristic affects transdermal drug delivery efficiency most directly?

• Thickness and integrity of the stratum corneum
• Muscle fiber orientation
• Number of goblet cells
• Cartilage rigidity

Correct Answer: Thickness and integrity of the stratum corneum

Q46. Which cell type forms the blood-brain barrier by tight junctions and selective transport?

• Neurons
• Astrocytes and brain endothelial cells
• Microglia only
• Oligodendrocytes only

Correct Answer: Astrocytes and brain endothelial cells

Q47. What is the primary function of fibrocartilage found in intervertebral discs?

• Elastic recoil
• Withstand compression and shear forces
• Rapid electrical conduction
• Hormone secretion

Correct Answer: Withstand compression and shear forces

Q48. Which process increases tissue vascularization during repair and is a target for some therapies?

• Fibrosis
• Angiogenesis
• Apoptosis
• Calcification

Correct Answer: Angiogenesis

Q49. Which cell adhesion molecule family mediates homophilic calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion in epithelia?

• Integrins
• Cadherins
• Immunoglobulin superfamily
• Selectins

Correct Answer: Cadherins

Q50. In tissue engineering, which scaffold property is most critical for cell infiltration and nutrient diffusion?

• Electrical conductivity
• Porosity and interconnectivity
• Metallic composition
• High stiffness without porosity

Correct Answer: Porosity and interconnectivity

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