Feedback, Monitoring & Evaluation MCQs With Answer

Introduction: This quiz collection on Feedback, Monitoring & Evaluation is tailored for M.Pharm students preparing for MIP 204T – Entrepreneurship Management. It covers core concepts such as monitoring frameworks, indicators, baseline and target setting, data quality dimensions, evaluation designs, feedback mechanisms, and practical applications in pharmaceutical settings (clinical trials, pharmacovigilance, manufacturing quality). Questions emphasize analytical thinking, real-world monitoring scenarios, and interpretation of evaluation results to support decision-making, regulatory compliance, and performance improvement. Use these MCQs to test and strengthen understanding of how systematic monitoring and evidence-based feedback drive program effectiveness, patient safety, and business outcomes in pharmaceutical practice.

Q1. Which of the following best defines “monitoring” in the context of program management?

• Periodic assessment of the relevance, efficiency, and impact of a completed project
• Continuous collection and analysis of information to track progress against planned activities and outputs
• Statistical evaluation to prove causation between an intervention and an outcome
• Final appraisal conducted to decide whether to scale up a program

Correct Answer: Continuous collection and analysis of information to track progress against planned activities and outputs

Q2. Which indicator type measures the immediate products or services delivered by a pharmaceutical project (e.g., number of pharmacovigilance reports filed)?

• Outcome indicator
• Impact indicator
• Output indicator
• Process indicator

Correct Answer: Output indicator

Q3. In M&E, SMART indicators are used to ensure quality. What does the “A” commonly stand for?

• Analytical
• Assessable
• Achievable
• Attributable

Correct Answer: Achievable

Q4. Which evaluation type is performed during implementation to improve program design and performance?

• Summative evaluation
• Formative evaluation
• Ex-post evaluation
• Impact evaluation

Correct Answer: Formative evaluation

Q5. Which of the following best describes a baseline in M&E?

• The target value expected at project completion
• Qualitative stakeholder perceptions gathered at midline
• Initial measurement of indicators before intervention begins
• Endline measurement after the intervention is completed

Correct Answer: Initial measurement of indicators before intervention begins

Q6. In a logical framework (LogFrame), which column typically states the means to verify achievement of indicators?

• Assumptions
• Activities
• Indicators
• Means of verification

Correct Answer: Means of verification

Q7. Which dimension of data quality assesses whether data are recorded and reported on time to support decision-making?

• Completeness
• Validity
• Timeliness
• Precision

Correct Answer: Timeliness

Q8. Which monitoring tool is most useful for visual real-time tracking of multiple KPIs in a pharmaceutical manufacturing unit?

• Focus group discussion
• Dashboard
• Case-control study
• Ethnographic observation

Correct Answer: Dashboard

Q9. In pharmacovigilance program monitoring, which indicator would best reflect early detection of safety signals?

• Proportion of batches rejected during QC
• Time from adverse event occurrence to initial report
• Number of marketing authorizations granted
• Average shelf-life of products

Correct Answer: Time from adverse event occurrence to initial report

Q10. Which evaluation design is strongest for attributing observed outcomes specifically to an intervention?

• Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
• Cross-sectional survey
• Before-and-after without control
• Case study

Correct Answer: Randomized controlled trial (RCT)

Q11. What is the primary purpose of feedback in a monitoring system?

• To publish final program outcomes in academic journals
• To inform stakeholders and guide corrective actions and improvements
• To provide legal proof for regulatory inspections only
• To increase the volume of data collected regardless of use

Correct Answer: To inform stakeholders and guide corrective actions and improvements

Q12. Which of the following is a process indicator relevant to a clinical trial site monitoring plan?

• Proportion of participants completing the primary endpoint assessment
• Number of monitoring visits completed per protocol schedule
• Change in disease incidence in the community
• Long-term mortality reduction

Correct Answer: Number of monitoring visits completed per protocol schedule

Q13. When triangulating data for an evaluation, which combination improves credibility most?

• Two quantitative surveys using the same sampling frame
• Administrative records, qualitative interviews, and direct observation
• Duplicate entry of the same dataset by different clerks
• Only expert opinion without empirical data

Correct Answer: Administrative records, qualitative interviews, and direct observation

Q14. In the M&E cycle, which step follows data collection?

• Setting project objectives
• Data analysis and interpretation
• Conducting baseline
• Resource mobilization

Correct Answer: Data analysis and interpretation

Q15. Which ethical consideration is most important when monitoring patient outcomes in pharmaceutical programs?

• Maximizing the number of data points regardless of consent
• Ensuring informed consent and confidentiality of patient data
• Publishing raw personal data for transparency
• Withholding negative findings to protect program image

Correct Answer: Ensuring informed consent and confidentiality of patient data

Q16. Which statement differentiates evaluation from monitoring?

• Monitoring is episodic while evaluation is continuous
• Monitoring measures progress against plans; evaluation assesses relevance, effectiveness, and impact
• Evaluation collects daily routine data; monitoring assesses long-term outcomes only
• Monitoring is equivalent to final impact assessment

Correct Answer: Monitoring measures progress against plans; evaluation assesses relevance, effectiveness, and impact

Q17. Which sampling approach is most appropriate for an in-depth qualitative evaluation of barriers to medication adherence?

• Simple random sampling of the entire population
• Purposive sampling to select participants with relevant experiences
• Systematic sampling with fixed intervals only
• Cluster sampling for estimating population prevalence

Correct Answer: Purposive sampling to select participants with relevant experiences

Q18. In a results-based management framework, what does a “theory of change” primarily describe?

• Detailed budget allocation for the program
• How activities are expected to lead to outputs, outcomes, and impacts
• The legal obligations for regulatory compliance
• Standard operating procedures for laboratory assays

Correct Answer: How activities are expected to lead to outputs, outcomes, and impacts

Q19. Which cost-related analysis compares the costs and health outcomes of two interventions to identify the best value?

• Cost-minimization analysis
• Cost-effectiveness analysis
• Budget impact analysis
• Cost-description study

Correct Answer: Cost-effectiveness analysis

Q20. When designing indicators for regulatory compliance monitoring in manufacturing, which characteristic is least important?

• Relevance to regulatory requirements
• Measurability with existing data systems
• Complexity that prevents timely reporting
• Specificity to the controlled process or outcome

Correct Answer: Complexity that prevents timely reporting

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