Disorders of Urine Volume MCQ Quiz | Renal & Genitourinary

Welcome to this comprehensive MCQ quiz on Disorders of Urine Volume, a crucial topic in the Renal & Genitourinary module for MBBS students. This quiz is designed to test your understanding of conditions like polyuria, oliguria, and anuria, covering their pathophysiology, causes, and clinical implications, including key syndromes such as Diabetes Insipidus and SIADH. This assessment will help you solidify your knowledge for exams and clinical practice. After submitting your answers, you will receive your score and a detailed review of each question. You can also download a PDF copy of all questions and their correct answers for your future reference and revision. Good luck!

1. What is the clinical definition of polyuria in an adult?

2. A 65-year-old male presents with a urine output of 350 ml over 24 hours. This condition is best described as:

3. Complete cessation of urine output, defined as <100 ml/day, is known as:

4. A patient develops polyuria, polydipsia, and hypernatremia following a severe head injury. The most likely diagnosis is:

5. The primary defect in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus involves:

6. Which of the following is an osmotic diuretic agent that can cause polyuria?

7. A patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus develops polyuria. The underlying mechanism is:

8. All of the following are prerenal causes of oliguria EXCEPT:

9. Anuria is most characteristically seen in which of the following conditions?

10. A patient is diagnosed with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). What is the expected finding for their urine and serum osmolality?

11. Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities is a hallmark of SIADH?

12. A patient presents with polyuria and a urine osmolality consistently below 100 mOsm/kg despite dehydration. What is the most likely diagnosis?

13. Which medication is a well-known cause of drug-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

14. In a 70 kg adult, oliguria is typically defined as a urine output of less than:

15. What is the primary physiological role of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?

16. In the setting of prerenal oliguria due to hypovolemia, what is the expected fractional excretion of sodium (FENa)?

17. A patient complains of waking up multiple times at night to urinate, but their total 24-hour urine volume is normal. This is best described as:

18. Which test is crucial for differentiating between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

19. The first-line treatment for a patient with central diabetes insipidus is:

20. Post-obstructive diuresis can occur after the relief of:

21. An elderly man with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) presents with a distended bladder and inability to void for 12 hours, with subsequent anuria. This is an example of:

22. A patient with primary polydipsia (psychogenic) will typically have:

23. The insertion of aquaporin-2 channels into the apical membrane of collecting duct cells is directly stimulated by:

24. A patient in septic shock develops acute kidney injury with oliguria. The primary mechanism is most likely:

25. In a patient with osmotic diuresis due to hyperglycemia, the urine specific gravity is expected to be: