Direct Ophthalmoscopy MCQ Quiz | Clinical Skills & Procedures

Welcome to the Direct Ophthalmoscopy quiz for MBBS students. This quiz is designed to test your knowledge on the principles, techniques, and interpretation of findings using a direct ophthalmoscope—a fundamental clinical skill. You will be presented with 25 multiple-choice questions covering normal anatomy, common pathologies like diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy, papilloedema, and glaucoma, as well as the practical aspects of the examination. This assessment will help you solidify your understanding and prepare for clinical practice and examinations. After completing the quiz, you can submit your answers to see your score and review the correct responses. You can also download a PDF copy of all questions and their correct answers for future revision. Good luck!

1. What type of image is formed by a direct ophthalmoscope?

2. What is the approximate magnification of the image seen through a direct ophthalmoscope in an emmetropic eye?

3. The black numbers on the lens wheel of a direct ophthalmoscope represent which type of lenses?

4. When examining a patient’s left eye, which eye should the examiner use?

5. The complete absence of a red reflex in an adult patient could indicate which of the following?

6. What is the normal color of the optic disc?

7. Swelling of the optic disc with blurring of its margins, typically due to raised intracranial pressure, is known as:

8. What is a normal cup-to-disc ratio?

9. An increased cup-to-disc ratio is a hallmark sign of which condition?

10. Where is the macula located relative to the optic disc?

11. What is the normal arteriole-to-venule (A/V) ratio in the retina?

12. “Silver wiring” and “copper wiring” of retinal arterioles are classic signs of which condition?

13. Microaneurysms, dot-and-blot hemorrhages, and hard exudates are characteristic findings in:

14. A “cherry-red spot” at the macula is a pathognomonic sign of:

15. Compared to an indirect ophthalmoscope, the direct ophthalmoscope provides a:

16. To focus on the retina of a highly myopic (short-sighted) patient, you would need to adjust the lens wheel towards:

17. Small, yellow-white extracellular deposits that accumulate in the retina, commonly seen in age-related macular degeneration, are called:

18. Flame-shaped hemorrhages are located in which layer of the retina?

19. A major limitation of direct ophthalmoscopy is its difficulty in viewing the:

20. Which aperture on the direct ophthalmoscope is best suited for viewing the fundus through a small, undilated pupil?

21. The red-free filter (green light) is particularly useful for visualizing:

22. What is the cause of “cotton wool spots”?

23. When starting the fundoscopic exam, it is best to have the patient look at:

24. A pale, “chalky white” optic disc is indicative of:

25. The fovea, responsible for sharp central vision, is a small depression in the center of the: