Congenital & Acquired Hypothyroidism MCQ Quiz | Endocrinology

Welcome, MBBS students, to this focused multiple-choice quiz on Congenital and Acquired Hypothyroidism. This quiz is designed to test your understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of these common endocrinological disorders. Covering 25 high-yield questions, this assessment will challenge your knowledge on topics from newborn screening and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis to myxedema coma and drug-induced hypothyroidism. This is an excellent tool for self-assessment and exam preparation. After submitting your answers, you will receive your score and a detailed review of the correct and incorrect responses. You can also download a PDF copy of all the questions with their correct answers for your offline study and revision. Good luck!

1. What is the most common cause of sporadic congenital hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient regions?

2. A 4-week-old infant, identified through newborn screening with high TSH, presents with lethargy, a large anterior fontanelle, and macroglossia. What is the most critical next step?

3. A 45-year-old woman presents with fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Lab tests reveal a TSH of 25 mIU/L (ref: 0.4-4.0) and a low free T4. Which antibody test is most specific for diagnosing Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

4. A patient with bipolar disorder treated with lithium develops hypothyroidism. What is the primary mechanism by which lithium induces this condition?

5. A patient presents to the ED with hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension, and altered mental status. They have a history of untreated hypothyroidism. What is this life-threatening condition called?

6. In the management of primary hypothyroidism, which laboratory parameter is primarily used to monitor and adjust the dose of levothyroxine?

7. Which of the following findings would be expected in a patient with secondary (central) hypothyroidism?

8. A 30-year-old woman who recently gave birth presents with a tender neck mass and symptoms of hyperthyroidism, followed by a phase of hypothyroidism. This clinical course is characteristic of:

9. Myxedema, a characteristic sign of severe hypothyroidism, is due to the deposition of which substance in the dermis?

10. Amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic drug, can induce hypothyroidism primarily by:

11. What is the Wolff-Chaikoff effect?

12. A 60-year-old patient with hypothyroidism complains of muscle aches, weakness, and has an elevated creatine kinase (CK) level. This condition is known as:

13. Pendred syndrome is a form of congenital hypothyroidism (dyshormonogenesis) associated with which other clinical finding?

14. Which iatrogenic procedure is a common cause of permanent hypothyroidism?

15. What is “subclinical hypothyroidism”?

16. The histological hallmark of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is:

17. Sheehan’s syndrome can cause secondary hypothyroidism due to:

18. A patient with long-standing hypothyroidism may exhibit a delayed relaxation phase of deep tendon reflexes, also known as:

19. In a patient being treated for myxedema coma, which medication should be administered along with IV levothyroxine until coexisting adrenal insufficiency is ruled out?

20. What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide?

21. A patient with primary hypothyroidism often presents with which of the following lipid profile abnormalities?

22. Which of the following is NOT a typical clinical feature of congenital hypothyroidism in a neonate?

23. “Goitrous hypothyroidism” can be caused by all the following EXCEPT:

24. What is the impact of overt hypothyroidism on the cardiovascular system?

25. A 35-year-old woman is diagnosed with hypothyroidism during her first trimester of pregnancy. How should her levothyroxine dose be managed?