1. What is the fundamental principle behind confrontation visual field testing?
2. What is the recommended distance between the patient and the examiner during confrontation perimetry?
3. A bitemporal hemianopia detected on confrontation testing is most characteristic of a lesion at the:
4. During the procedure, what must the patient maintain fixation on?
5. A patient with a right homonymous hemianopia has a lesion affecting the:
6. A superior quadrantanopia, often described as a “pie in the sky” defect, typically results from a lesion in the:
7. Why is it essential to test each eye separately during confrontation perimetry?
8. A patient cannot see the examiner’s fingers in the lower right quadrant of both eyes. This defect is best described as:
9. What is a major limitation of confrontation perimetry?
10. Using a red-colored target (like a red pinhead) during confrontation can be more sensitive for detecting:
11. A visual field defect that respects the horizontal meridian, affecting either the superior or inferior half of the field, is known as an:
12. The physiological blind spot corresponds to what anatomical structure?
13. In a patient with left homonymous hemianopia, macular sparing suggests the lesion may be in the:
14. The finger counting method in confrontation testing is useful for assessing:
15. What type of perimetry does confrontation testing primarily represent?
16. An inferior quadrantanopia (“pie on the floor” defect) is classically associated with a lesion in the contralateral:
17. Which of the following can cause an artifactual superior field defect during confrontation testing?
18. A junctional scotoma (of Traquair) involves a central defect in one eye and a superior-temporal defect in the contralateral eye. This localizes the lesion to:
19. In which clinical scenario is confrontation perimetry most valuable?
20. What is a key factor for ensuring reliability during the test?
21. A lesion of the entire right optic tract will produce which visual field defect?
22. If a patient consistently fails to see the target in the temporal field of their left eye, but their nasal field is intact, where is a likely location for a lesion?
23. When testing the patient’s right eye, which eye should the examiner close?
24. Homonymous defects are typically caused by lesions that are:
25. Compared to a Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) analyzer, confrontation perimetry is:
