Anatomy of female reproductive system MCQs With Answer

by

Anatomy of female reproductive system MCQs With Answer is an essential revision tool for B. Pharm students preparing for pharmacology, gynecology, and clinical pharmacy exams. This concise, keyword-rich guide covers ovary and follicular structure, uterine layers, fallopian tube anatomy, blood supply, lymphatics, innervation, and common clinical correlations like ectopic pregnancy and ovarian torsion. Questions emphasize microscopical features, hormone-producing cells, ligaments, and embryologic origins to bridge anatomy with drug action and pathology. Clear explanations help reinforce learning for prescriptions and patient care. Now let’s test your knowledge with 50 MCQs on this topic.

Q1. Which layer of the ovary contains ovarian follicles at various stages of development?

  • Cortex
  • Medulla
  • Hilum
  • Peritoneum

Correct Answer: Cortex

Q2. The ovarian medulla primarily contains which of the following?

  • Follicles and corpus luteum
  • Connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves
  • Germinal epithelium
  • Endometrial glands

Correct Answer: Connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves

Q3. Which follicle is characterized by a single layer of flattened granulosa cells?

  • Primary follicle
  • Secondary follicle
  • Primordial follicle
  • Graafian follicle

Correct Answer: Primordial follicle

Q4. The structure formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation is called:

  • Graafian follicle
  • Corpus luteum
  • Corpus albicans
  • Primordial follicle

Correct Answer: Corpus luteum

Q5. Which cells in the ovarian follicle synthesize estrogen in response to FSH?

  • Theca interna cells
  • Granulosa cells
  • Theca externa cells
  • Stromal cells

Correct Answer: Granulosa cells

Q6. The theca interna primarily provides which substrate for estrogen synthesis?

  • Progesterone
  • Androgens (androstenedione)
  • Inhibin
  • Relaxin

Correct Answer: Androgens (androstenedione)

Q7. Ovulation typically occurs at which phase of the ovarian cycle?

  • Follicular phase
  • Ovulatory phase (mid-cycle)
  • Luteal phase
  • Menstrual phase

Correct Answer: Ovulatory phase (mid-cycle)

Q8. Approximately how many primordial follicles are present in the ovaries at birth?

  • Millions (about 3–7 million)
  • About 1–2 million
  • Approximately 300,000–400,000
  • Less than 10,000

Correct Answer: Approximately 300,000–400,000

Q9. The most common site of fertilization within the female reproductive tract is:

  • Isthmus of the fallopian tube
  • Ampulla of the fallopian tube
  • Uterine cavity
  • Fimbrial end

Correct Answer: Ampulla of the fallopian tube

Q10. Which segment of the uterine (fallopian) tube is closest to the ovary and has finger-like fimbriae?

  • Isthmus
  • Ampulla
  • Infundibulum
  • Interstitial (intramural) part

Correct Answer: Infundibulum

Q11. The endometrium is divided into which two main zones relevant to the menstrual cycle?

  • Functional layer and basal layer
  • Superficial layer and deep layer
  • Stratum compactum and stratum spongiosum only
  • Perimetrium and myometrium

Correct Answer: Functional layer and basal layer

Q12. Which uterine arterial branch directly supplies the endometrium?

  • Ovarian artery
  • Uterine artery arcuate branches
  • Vaginal artery
  • Internal pudendal artery

Correct Answer: Uterine artery arcuate branches

Q13. The ovarian artery arises directly from which major vessel?

  • Internal iliac artery
  • External iliac artery
  • Abdominal aorta
  • Uterine artery

Correct Answer: Abdominal aorta

Q14. Venous drainage from the right ovary typically drains into which vessel?

  • Left renal vein
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Internal iliac vein
  • Portal vein

Correct Answer: Inferior vena cava

Q15. Lymphatic drainage of the ovaries primarily goes to which lymph node group?

  • Superficial inguinal nodes
  • Para-aortic (lumbar) lymph nodes
  • Internal iliac nodes
  • External iliac nodes

Correct Answer: Para-aortic (lumbar) lymph nodes

Q16. The cervix is lined superficially by which type of epithelium on its ectocervix?

  • Simple columnar epithelium
  • Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
  • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
  • Transitional epithelium

Correct Answer: Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Q17. The transformation zone of the cervix is clinically important because:

  • It is hormonally inactive
  • It is the most common site for cervical neoplasia
  • It has no glandular tissue
  • It is immune privileged and resists infections

Correct Answer: It is the most common site for cervical neoplasia

Q18. Which ligament transmits the ovarian vessels from the lateral pelvic wall to the ovary?

  • Broad ligament
  • Round ligament
  • Suspensory (infundibulopelvic) ligament
  • Ovarian ligament

Correct Answer: Suspensory (infundibulopelvic) ligament

Q19. The ovarian ligament connects which two structures?

  • Ovary to lateral pelvic wall
  • Ovary to uterus (uterine angle)
  • Uterus to labia majora
  • Uterus to sacrum

Correct Answer: Ovary to uterus (uterine angle)

Q20. The broad ligament of the uterus is a double layer of peritoneum that contains which of the following?

  • Uterine tube, ovarian ligament, uterine vessels
  • Round ligament, uterine tube, uterine vessels
  • Only uterine vessels and nerves
  • Only connective tissue with no organs

Correct Answer: Round ligament, uterine tube, uterine vessels

Q21. The pudendal nerve provides somatic sensory supply to which part of the female reproductive region?

  • Uterine fundus
  • Vagina and external genitalia (perineum)
  • Ovary
  • Broad ligament

Correct Answer: Vagina and external genitalia (perineum)

Q22. Which hormone surge triggers ovulation?

  • FSH surge
  • LH surge
  • Estrogen surge alone
  • Progesterone surge

Correct Answer: LH surge

Q23. The secretory phase of the endometrium is predominantly under the influence of which hormone?

  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone

Correct Answer: Progesterone

Q24. The histological feature that increases absorptive and secretory surface in the uterine tube is:

  • Ciliated columnar epithelium and secretory (peg) cells
  • Stratified squamous epithelium
  • Keratinized epithelium
  • Microvilli on simple squamous cells

Correct Answer: Ciliated columnar epithelium and secretory (peg) cells

Q25. The menstrual shedding of the endometrium primarily involves which layer?

  • Basal layer (stratum basalis)
  • Functional layer (stratum functionalis)
  • Myometrium
  • Perimetrium

Correct Answer: Functional layer (stratum functionalis)

Q26. The most common site for ectopic pregnancy is:

  • Isthmic portion of fallopian tube
  • Ampullary portion of fallopian tube
  • Ovary
  • Cervix

Correct Answer: Ampullary portion of fallopian tube

Q27. The external opening of the cervix into the vagina is called the:

  • Internal os
  • External os
  • Fornix
  • Uterine ostium

Correct Answer: External os

Q28. The labia majora are homologous to which male structure?

  • Scrotum
  • Penile shaft
  • Glans penis
  • Prostate

Correct Answer: Scrotum

Q29. Bartholin glands (greater vestibular glands) are located at which position relative to the vaginal orifice?

  • Posterolateral aspect of the vestibule
  • Anterior midline of the vestibule
  • At the urethral meatus
  • Within the labia majora midline

Correct Answer: Posterolateral aspect of the vestibule

Q30. The primary embryological origin of the female internal genital ducts (uterus, fallopian tubes, upper vagina) is the:

  • Males (Wolffian) ducts
  • Paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts
  • Urachus
  • Allantois

Correct Answer: Paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts

Q31. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is characterized by which anomaly?

  • Ovarian agenesis with normal uterus
  • Absence or severe hypoplasia of uterus and upper vagina with normal ovaries
  • Turner-type gonadal dysgenesis
  • Persistent Müllerian structures in a genetic male

Correct Answer: Absence or severe hypoplasia of uterus and upper vagina with normal ovaries

Q32. The uterine artery is a branch of which larger artery?

  • External iliac artery
  • Internal iliac artery
  • Femoral artery
  • Median sacral artery

Correct Answer: Internal iliac artery

Q33. The perimetrium corresponds to which anatomical layer of the uterus?

  • Endometrial mucosa
  • Serosal peritoneal covering
  • Muscular coat
  • Submucosa

Correct Answer: Serosal peritoneal covering

Q34. Which muscle group forms the primary support of the pelvic floor, preventing prolapse?

  • Obturator internus and piriformis
  • Levator ani complex and coccygeus
  • Gluteal muscles
  • Quadratus lumborum

Correct Answer: Levator ani complex and coccygeus

Q35. In multiparous women, the external os of the cervix typically appears as:

  • Small, circular opening
  • Vertical or stellate slit
  • Completely closed
  • Covered with keratinized epithelium

Correct Answer: Vertical or stellate slit

Q36. The corpus albicans represents which of the following?

  • An active hormone-secreting structure
  • Degenerated fibrous remnant of the corpus luteum
  • Primary follicle undergoing maturation
  • Area of ovulation rupture

Correct Answer: Degenerated fibrous remnant of the corpus luteum

Q37. The uterine tube’s mucosa contains longitudinal folds; the longest and most numerous are found in which segment?

  • Isthmus
  • Ampulla
  • Interstitial (intramural) part
  • Mesosalpinx

Correct Answer: Ampulla

Q38. Which hormone produced by the corpus luteum is essential for maintenance of early pregnancy?

  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Inhibin
  • Relaxin

Correct Answer: Progesterone

Q39. The blood–testis barrier has no direct analog in the ovary, but granulosa cells form a functional compartment known as:

  • Zona pellucida
  • Blood–follicle barrier (granulosa–antrum barrier)
  • Corpus luteum capsule
  • Follicular thecal barrier

Correct Answer: Blood–follicle barrier (granulosa–antrum barrier)

Q40. The round ligament of the uterus terminates by blending with which structure?

  • Labia majora
  • Broad ligament
  • Uterosacral ligament
  • Ovarian ligament

Correct Answer: Labia majora

Q41. Which part of the breast contains the secretory units (alveoli) responsible for milk production?

  • Lactiferous sinuses
  • Lobules (alveoli within lobules)
  • Areola
  • Nipple duct

Correct Answer: Lobules (alveoli within lobules)

Q42. The characteristic three-layered smooth muscle arrangement of the uterus refers to which layer?

  • Endometrium
  • Myometrium
  • Perimetrium
  • Submucosa

Correct Answer: Myometrium

Q43. The arterial arcade that lies within the myometrium is formed by which branches?

  • Radial arteries
  • Arcuate arteries
  • Spiral arteries
  • Intervillous arteries

Correct Answer: Arcuate arteries

Q44. Spiral arteries in the endometrium are most active during which phase?

  • Proliferative phase
  • Secretory phase
  • Menstrual phase
  • Follicular phase

Correct Answer: Secretory phase

Q45. The calyces of the pelvic inlet that receive the ovarian vessels are related to which pelvic structure?

  • Mesovarium of the broad ligament
  • Mesosalpinx
  • Ovarian hilum at the mesovarium
  • Round ligament insertion

Correct Answer: Ovarian hilum at the mesovarium

Q46. The fimbriae of the fallopian tube function to:

  • Secrete enzymes for fertilization
  • Capture the ovulated ovum and direct it into the tube
  • Provide contractile force for ovum transport
  • Act as endocrine tissue producing estrogen

Correct Answer: Capture the ovulated ovum and direct it into the tube

Q47. Which cervical gland produces mucus that changes consistency during the menstrual cycle to facilitate or impede sperm passage?

  • Endometrial glands
  • Endocervical glands
  • Bartholin glands
  • Skene glands

Correct Answer: Endocervical glands

Q48. Which nerve carries parasympathetic fibers that mediate uterine contractions and pelvic visceral sensation?

  • Pudendal nerve
  • Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2–S4)
  • Iliohypogastric nerve
  • Hypogastric plexus only sympathetic

Correct Answer: Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2–S4)

Q49. The characteristic epithelial change from columnar to squamous at the cervical transformation zone is termed:

  • Metaplasia
  • Dysplasia
  • Atrophy
  • Hyperplasia

Correct Answer: Metaplasia

Q50. Ovarian torsion most frequently occurs in ovaries that are:

  • Atrophic and postmenopausal
  • Enlarged due to cysts or masses
  • Located abnormally high in the abdomen
  • Attached firmly by shortened ligaments

Correct Answer: Enlarged due to cysts or masses

Leave a Comment