Acute Kidney Injury MCQ Quiz | Renal & Genitourinary

1. According to the KDIGO criteria, which of the following defines Stage 1 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

2. A 70-year-old man with severe sepsis develops AKI. His urine output is low, FENa (Fractional Excretion of Sodium) is <1%, and urine osmolality is high. What is the most likely type of AKI?

3. The presence of “muddy brown” granular casts in the urine sediment is most characteristic of which condition?

4. Which of the following is the most appropriate first-line investigation for a suspected post-renal AKI in an elderly male with benign prostatic hyperplasia?

5. A patient develops fever, rash, and eosinophilia along with AKI after starting a new antibiotic. Urine analysis shows white blood cell casts. What is the most likely diagnosis?

6. Which of the following is NOT a common cause of pre-renal AKI?

7. Which of the following is an absolute indication for urgent renal replacement therapy (RRT) in a patient with AKI?

8. The pathophysiology of contrast-induced nephropathy primarily involves:

9. In a patient with rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI, which finding is expected on urine dipstick and microscopy?

10. What is the role of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in a patient with acute hypovolemia-induced AKI?

11. Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a form of:

12. Which electrolyte abnormality is a life-threatening complication of severe AKI?

13. A patient with AKI has a BUN:Creatinine ratio of >20:1. This finding is most suggestive of:

14. Which of the following drugs is a well-known cause of crystal-induced AKI?

15. The “recovery phase” of Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) is often characterized by:

16. What is the primary mechanism by which NSAIDs can cause pre-renal AKI?

17. Which of these is NOT a component of the “AEIOU” mnemonic for dialysis indications in AKI?

18. A patient in the ICU develops AKI. The central venous pressure (CVP) is 18 mmHg and there are bilateral crackles on lung auscultation. What is the most likely cause of the AKI?

19. The initial management of severe hyperkalemia (K+ > 6.5 mEq/L) with peaked T waves on ECG should include:

20. Which of the following is a recognized biomarker for the early detection of AKI, often rising before serum creatinine?

21. In a patient with AKI and severe metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.1), what is the primary therapeutic goal?

22. Abdominal compartment syndrome can cause AKI through which mechanism?

23. A patient with tumor lysis syndrome is at high risk for AKI primarily due to:

24. What is the most important preventative measure for contrast-induced nephropathy in a high-risk patient?

25. Which one of the following findings helps to differentiate AKI from Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?