Monkeypox Quiz
Topic: Virology & Public Health
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Comprehensive Guide to Mpox (Monkeypox)
Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus. While historically rare in humans and concentrated in parts of Africa, a global outbreak in 2022 brought increased attention to its transmission, symptoms, and prevention. This guide provides essential information for public health awareness and general knowledge.
Understanding the Mpox Virus
The mpox virus is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes the variola virus (causes smallpox) and vaccinia virus (used in the smallpox vaccine). Its relation to smallpox is significant, as vaccines and treatments developed for smallpox have shown high efficacy against mpox.
- Family: Poxviridae
- Genus: Orthopoxvirus
- Related Viruses: Smallpox, Cowpox
- Structure: Large, complex, double-stranded DNA virus
Symptoms and Progression
The illness typically progresses in two phases. The first phase (prodrome) involves systemic symptoms, followed by the development of a characteristic rash.
- Incubation Period: 3 to 17 days after exposure.
- Prodromal Symptoms (before rash): Fever, headache, muscle aches, backache, exhaustion, and notably, swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy).
- Rash Stage: A rash appears 1-4 days after the fever. It progresses through several distinct stages: macules, papules, vesicles, and pustules, before forming scabs that eventually fall off. The rash can be painful and is often concentrated on the face, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet, but can appear anywhere on the body.
Modes of Transmission
Understanding how mpox spreads is crucial for prevention. It is not as contagious as respiratory viruses like influenza or COVID-19.
Prevention and Control
Prevention relies on a combination of vaccination, behavioral changes, and public health measures.
Treatment Options
Most cases of mpox are mild and resolve on their own within 2-4 weeks. However, for severe cases or individuals at high risk, antiviral treatments are available.
Name Change: Monkeypox to Mpox
In November 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced “mpox” as the new preferred name for monkeypox. The change was made to avoid stigma and racist connotations associated with the name during the global outbreak.
Frequently Asked Questions about Mpox
Is mpox the same as chickenpox?
No. Although both cause a blistering rash, they are caused by different viruses. Mpox is an orthopoxvirus, while chickenpox is a herpesvirus. A key clinical difference is that mpox often causes swollen lymph nodes, which is not typical of chickenpox. Furthermore, mpox lesions tend to be at the same stage of development, whereas chickenpox lesions appear in successive waves.
How effective is the vaccine?
The JYNNEOS vaccine, which is approved to prevent both smallpox and mpox, is highly effective. Data suggests that two doses provide significant protection against the disease. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with the vaccine, if given within a few days of exposure, can also help prevent the disease or make it less severe.
Can I get mpox from touching a surface?
Transmission through contaminated surfaces (fomites) is possible but considered less common than direct skin-to-skin contact. The virus can survive on surfaces like bedding, towels, or clothing. Regular cleaning and disinfection of frequently touched surfaces are recommended in households with an infected person.
How long is a person with mpox contagious?
A person with mpox is considered contagious from the time symptoms start until the rash has fully healed, all scabs have fallen off, and a fresh layer of skin has formed. This process can take two to four weeks.
This information is for educational purposes. For medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, consult a qualified healthcare professional.
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