Domain Overview: Gastrointestinal Emergencies

• GI Hemorrhage: Upper vs lower GI bleed, variceal vs non-variceal sources, resuscitation, transfusion and medication management.
• Acute Abdominal Pain: Appendicitis, cholecystitis, diverticulitis, mesenteric ischemia, bowel perforation and red flag findings.
• Obstruction and Peritonitis: Small and large bowel obstruction, volvulus, peritonitis, sepsis recognition and surgical consultation.
• Pancreatic and Hepatic Emergencies: Acute pancreatitis, gallstone pancreatitis, hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
• ED Priorities: Airway, hemodynamic stabilization, NPO status, NG tube use, antibiotics, analgesia and preparation for endoscopy or OR.