1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is synthesized and secreted by neuroendocrine cells located in which part of the brain?
2. In males, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) primarily acts on which cells to support spermatogenesis?
3. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in males is primarily responsible for stimulating which cells to produce testosterone?
4. The secretion of FSH from the anterior pituitary is specifically inhibited by which hormone produced by the Sertoli cells?
5. What is the direct trigger for ovulation, typically occurring around day 14 of a normal menstrual cycle?
6. The corpus luteum is formed after ovulation and primarily secretes which hormone to prepare the endometrium for implantation?
7. The enzyme 5-alpha reductase is crucial for converting testosterone into its more potent form, which is:
8. Which hormone, produced by the syncytiotrophoblast after implantation, “rescues” the corpus luteum, maintaining progesterone production in early pregnancy?
9. According to the “two-cell, two-gonadotropin” theory in the ovarian follicle, theca cells produce androgens under the influence of LH, which then diffuse to:
10. The hormonal profile characteristic of menopause is:
11. Kallmann syndrome is characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and what other specific clinical finding?
12. Which hormone is responsible for the regression of Müllerian ducts in the developing male fetus?
13. In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a common hormonal finding that contributes to anovulation and hyperandrogenism is:
14. The secretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary is under tonic inhibition by which neurotransmitter from the hypothalamus?
15. What is the dominant hormone during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, responsible for endometrial proliferation?
16. The enzyme aromatase, found in granulosa cells and other tissues, catalyzes the conversion of:
17. An individual with a 46, XY karyotype who has a female external phenotype, breast development, and absent uterus and fallopian tubes likely has which condition?
18. The negative feedback effect of testosterone on the HPG axis occurs at the level of the:
19. In addition to providing nourishment for developing sperm, Sertoli cells are critical for forming the:
20. Which hormone is absolutely essential for the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis within the seminiferous tubules?
21. The surge of estrogen from the dominant follicle just before ovulation has what effect on the pituitary’s response to GnRH?
22. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females, such as breast development and fat distribution?
23. Withdrawal of which hormone at the end of the luteal phase (if no pregnancy occurs) leads to menstruation?
24. Turner Syndrome (45, XO) is associated with ovarian dysgenesis, leading to what endocrine presentation?
25. Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis, which involves the:
