Goiter & Thyroid Nodules MCQ Quiz | Endocrinology & Metabolism

1. What is the most common cause of goiter worldwide?

2. A patient presents with facial plethora, dyspnea, and distended neck veins when they raise their arms above their head. This clinical finding, known as Pemberton’s sign, is indicative of:

3. What is the initial investigation of choice for a patient presenting with a palpable thyroid nodule?

4. Which of the following sonographic features of a thyroid nodule is most suspicious for malignancy?

5. According to the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology, which category indicates “Follicular Neoplasm or Suspicious for a Follicular Neoplasm”?

6. What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?

7. A patient with a thyroid nodule has a suppressed TSH level. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

8. The presence of Psammoma bodies on histopathology is a classic feature of which thyroid malignancy?

9. Which of the following drugs is well-known for causing goiter and hypothyroidism with long-term use?

10. The term “toxic multinodular goiter” (Plummer’s disease) refers to a condition characterized by:

11. A 65-year-old male with a history of neck irradiation presents with a rapidly enlarging, fixed, and hard neck mass causing dysphagia and hoarseness. This clinical picture is most suggestive of:

12. What tumor marker is used for the surveillance of recurrent or persistent medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)?

13. Dyshormonogenesis refers to a group of autosomal recessive disorders that cause goiter due to:

14. What is the management of a thyroid nodule with a FNAC result of “Benign” (Bethesda II)?

15. Medullary thyroid cancer is a neuroendocrine tumor of which cells of the thyroid?

16. The most definitive treatment for a large, benign multinodular goiter causing significant compressive symptoms is:

17. Which genetic mutation is commonly associated with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and is screened for in family members?

18. The Jod-Basedow effect describes which of the following phenomena?

19. A ‘cold’ nodule on a thyroid scintigraphy scan means the nodule:

20. What is the primary role of measuring serum thyroglobulin (Tg) in a patient with differentiated thyroid cancer?

21. In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the goiter is typically characterized as:

22. Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy?

23. Follicular thyroid carcinoma is distinguished from a benign follicular adenoma based on the presence of:

24. A patient treated with total thyroidectomy for a large goiter is at risk for which immediate postoperative complication?

25. Thyroid acropachy is a rare manifestation characterized by digital clubbing and is most specifically associated with: