1. A 78-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of confusion, inattention, and fluctuating consciousness after being hospitalized for a urinary tract infection. What is the most likely diagnosis?
2. Which of the following best defines polypharmacy in the elderly?
3. The “Timed Up and Go” (TUG) test is a common screening tool for assessing an elderly patient’s risk of:
4. Which medication is a first-line treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis to reduce fracture risk?
5. An 80-year-old patient complains of progressive difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds and understanding speech in noisy environments. This condition is best described as:
6. A hallmark neuropathological finding in Alzheimer’s disease is the extracellular deposition of:
7. The age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function is known as:
8. A 75-year-old woman experiences involuntary urine leakage when she coughs or sneezes. What type of incontinence is this?
9. Which sign is most specific for congestive heart failure in an elderly patient?
10. An 82-year-old with pneumonia is most likely to present with which atypical symptom instead of a high fever and cough?
11. Which class of medication is commonly used to treat the symptoms of BPH by relaxing the bladder neck and prostate smooth muscle?
12. Which screening tool is specifically designed and validated for depression in the geriatric population?
13. How does the age-related decrease in renal function typically affect the clearance of water-soluble drugs in the elderly?
14. Which of the following is a key component of the Fried Frailty Phenotype?
15. The Braden Scale is used to assess a patient’s risk for developing:
16. A 70-year-old patient reports gradually worsening blurry vision and increased glare from headlights at night. On examination, there is opacification of the lens. What is the most likely diagnosis?
17. Which is a common cause of chronic constipation specifically prevalent in the institutionalized elderly population?
18. What is the recommended HbA1c target for most healthy older adults (age >65) with Type 2 Diabetes?
19. An elderly patient on multiple medications develops a new symptom. According to geriatric principles, what should be the first consideration?
20. Orthostatic hypotension in the elderly is defined as a drop in systolic blood pressure of at least ___ mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of at least ___ mmHg within three minutes of standing.
21. The cardinal features of Parkinson’s disease include bradykinesia, rigidity, and:
22. In assessing the nutritional status of an elderly patient, which serum marker has a long half-life and is more indicative of chronic nutritional status?
23. A 68-year-old complains of joint pain in the knees that is worse with activity and relieved by rest. X-ray shows joint space narrowing and osteophytes. This is characteristic of:
24. An 85-year-old patient presents with acute onset of right-sided weakness and aphasia. What is the most crucial initial imaging study?
25. Which of the following is the most common form of elder abuse?
