Study Designs – Randomized Controlled Trials MCQ Quiz

Welcome to the quiz on Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), the gold standard in clinical research. This quiz is designed for MBBS students to test their understanding of the fundamental principles of RCTs within the field of Epidemiology. You will be tested on key concepts such as randomization, blinding, intention-to-treat analysis, clinical trial phases, and ethical considerations. This exercise will help solidify your knowledge and prepare you for examinations. There are 25 multiple-choice questions. After submitting your answers, you will see your score, and the correct and incorrect answers will be highlighted. You can also download a PDF copy of all the questions along with their correct answers for your future reference and study. Good luck!

To ensure that participants are blind to their treatment allocation.

To create comparable groups and eliminate selection bias.

To make the study easier to analyze statistically.

To ensure that all participants receive the new intervention.

Observer and subject bias

Only the participant

Only the investigator

Both the participant and the investigator

The participant, investigator, and data analyst

Only participants who completed the treatment are analyzed.

All participants are analyzed in the groups to which they were originally randomized.

Participants who dropped out are excluded from the final analysis.

Analysis is based on the treatment actually received, not the assigned one.

Participants choosing which treatment they prefer to cross over to.

Each participant receiving all treatments in a sequential order.

Two separate groups being studied in parallel without any crossover.

The control group crossing over to the treatment group after the study ends.

It requires fewer participants than a standard parallel design.

It eliminates the need for a placebo group.

It allows for the evaluation of two or more interventions simultaneously.

It is the only design suitable for surgical trials.

Account for the non-specific psychological and physiological effects of treatment.

Ensure that the treatment group shows a better outcome.

Test the long-term toxicity of a new drug.

Increase the sample size of the study.

Randomized Controlled Trial

Cross-sectional study

The observed difference is clinically important.

There is a greater than 95% chance the intervention is effective.

The observed difference is statistically significant and unlikely to be due to chance.

The study has a low risk of bias.

Increase the total duration of the study.

Identify non-compliant or ineligible participants.

Randomize participants more effectively.

Allow participants to choose their preferred treatment.

Parallel group design

Incorrectly concluding that an effect exists (Type I error).

Correctly concluding there is no effect when one truly does not exist.

The study results being published in a high-impact journal.

Correctly detecting a true effect if one exists.

The pharmaceutical sponsor

The principal investigator’s own team

Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Ethics Committee

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Only the data analyst knows the treatment allocation.

Both participants and investigators know the treatment allocation.

No one knows the treatment allocation until the study is over.

Only the participant knows their treatment allocation.

They cannot establish causality.

They are highly susceptible to confounding bias.

They may have limited generalizability to real-world clinical practice.

They are always less expensive than observational studies.

The main outcome that is of direct clinical relevance to the patient.

An outcome measured on a family member instead of the patient.

A laboratory measurement or physical sign used as a substitute for a clinically meaningful endpoint.

An endpoint that is decided after the study has concluded.

Ensure that investigators are blocked from seeing the allocation sequence.

Ensure a balance in the number of participants in each group throughout the recruitment period.

Group participants with similar characteristics into blocks.

Prevent certain blocks of participants from being enrolled in the study.

The study concludes there is no effect when, in reality, there is an effect.

The study concludes there is an effect when, in reality, there is no effect.

The sample size is too small to detect a real effect.

The study protocol is violated by participants.

Ensure that important prognostic factors are balanced between treatment groups.

Make the randomization process simpler and faster.

Allow participants to be stratified into high-risk and low-risk groups after the study.

Create treatment groups of unequal sizes deliberately.

The ethical conduct of observational studies.

Analyzing data from cohort studies.

Reporting the methodology and results of randomized controlled trials.

Designing case-control studies to minimize bias.

I am a Registered Pharmacist under the Pharmacy Act, 1948, and the founder of PharmacyFreak.com. I hold a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree from Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research. With a strong academic foundation and practical knowledge, I am committed to providing accurate, easy-to-understand content to support pharmacy students and professionals. My aim is to make complex pharmaceutical concepts accessible and useful for real-world application.

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Study Designs – Randomized Controlled Trials MCQ Quiz | Epidemiology